lx: early rebind and wake nudge for provably dead sessions (sing-box-lx SPEC 041 v2)

The v1 give-up rebind heals a dead 5-tuple only at ~90s, while users probe
within the first seconds after device wake. Two new triggers over the same
action and shared debounce window:

- early: >=3 unanswered initiations against a provably dead session (no live
  keypair, or last handshake older than RejectAfterTime) rebind at ~15s from
  the retry branch; a live session keeps byte-for-byte upstream behaviour;
- nudge: public Device.RebindIfSessionStale() lets the consumer report a
  device wake-up and heal stale peers immediately, without traffic demand.

The whole mechanism now lives in device/lx_giveup_rebind.go (moved from
device.go to keep the upstream file delta minimal); the rebind log line
carries the trigger label.

.gitignore

@@ -1 +1,3 @@
 wireguard-go
+/.idea/
+.DS_Store

README.md

@@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
-# Go Implementation of [WireGuard](https://www.wireguard.com/)
-
-This is an implementation of WireGuard in Go.
-
-## Usage
-
-Most Linux kernel WireGuard users are used to adding an interface with `ip link add wg0 type wireguard`. With wireguard-go, instead simply run:
-
-```
-$ wireguard-go wg0
-```
-
-This will create an interface and fork into the background. To remove the interface, use the usual `ip link del wg0`, or if your system does not support removing interfaces directly, you may instead remove the control socket via `rm -f /var/run/wireguard/wg0.sock`, which will result in wireguard-go shutting down.
-
-To run wireguard-go without forking to the background, pass `-f` or `--foreground`:
-
-```
-$ wireguard-go -f wg0
-```
-
-When an interface is running, you may use [`wg(8)`](https://git.zx2c4.com/wireguard-tools/about/src/man/wg.8) to configure it, as well as the usual `ip(8)` and `ifconfig(8)` commands.
-
-To run with more logging you may set the environment variable `LOG_LEVEL=debug`.
-
-## Platforms
-
-### Linux
-
-This will run on Linux; however you should instead use the kernel module, which is faster and better integrated into the OS. See the [installation page](https://www.wireguard.com/install/) for instructions.
-
-### macOS
-
-This runs on macOS using the utun driver. It does not yet support sticky sockets, and won't support fwmarks because of Darwin limitations. Since the utun driver cannot have arbitrary interface names, you must either use `utun[0-9]+` for an explicit interface name or `utun` to have the kernel select one for you. If you choose `utun` as the interface name, and the environment variable `WG_TUN_NAME_FILE` is defined, then the actual name of the interface chosen by the kernel is written to the file specified by that variable.
-
-### Windows
-
-This runs on Windows, but you should instead use it from the more [fully featured Windows app](https://git.zx2c4.com/wireguard-windows/about/), which uses this as a module.
-
-### FreeBSD
-
-This will run on FreeBSD. It does not yet support sticky sockets. Fwmark is mapped to `SO_USER_COOKIE`.
-
-### OpenBSD
-
-This will run on OpenBSD. It does not yet support sticky sockets. Fwmark is mapped to `SO_RTABLE`. Since the tun driver cannot have arbitrary interface names, you must either use `tun[0-9]+` for an explicit interface name or `tun` to have the program select one for you. If you choose `tun` as the interface name, and the environment variable `WG_TUN_NAME_FILE` is defined, then the actual name of the interface chosen by the kernel is written to the file specified by that variable.
-
-## Building
-
-This requires an installation of the latest version of [Go](https://go.dev/).
-
-```
-$ git clone https://git.zx2c4.com/wireguard-go
-$ cd wireguard-go
-$ make
-```
-
-## License
-
-    Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
-    
-    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
-    this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
-    the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
-    use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
-    of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do
-    so, subject to the following conditions:
-    
-    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
-    copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-    
-    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-    AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-    OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
-    SOFTWARE.

conn/bind_std.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package conn
@@ -16,13 +16,20 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"syscall"
 
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/control"
+	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
 	"golang.org/x/net/ipv4"
 	"golang.org/x/net/ipv6"
 )
 
-var (
-	_ Bind = (*StdNetBind)(nil)
-)
+type EgressProvider interface {
+	SetEgressPort(port uint16) bool
+	LookupEgress(destination netip.AddrPort) *net.UDPConn
+	ReceiveEgress(buffer []byte) (int, netip.AddrPort, error)
+}
+
+var _ Bind = (*StdNetBind)(nil)
 
 // StdNetBind implements Bind for all platforms. While Windows has its own Bind
 // (see bind_windows.go), it may fall back to StdNetBind.
@@ -30,11 +37,17 @@ var (
 // methods for sending and receiving multiple datagrams per-syscall. See the
 // proposal in https://github.com/golang/go/issues/45886#issuecomment-1218301564.
 type StdNetBind struct {
+	externalControl     control.Func
+	egressProvider      EgressProvider
+	reservedForEndpoint map[netip.AddrPort][3]uint8
+
 	mu            sync.Mutex // protects all fields except as specified
 	ipv4          *net.UDPConn
 	ipv6          *net.UDPConn
 	ipv4PC        *ipv4.PacketConn // will be nil on non-Linux
 	ipv6PC        *ipv6.PacketConn // will be nil on non-Linux
+	ipv4RC        syscall.RawConn  // will be nil on non-Darwin
+	ipv6RC        syscall.RawConn  // will be nil on non-Darwin
 	ipv4TxOffload bool
 	ipv4RxOffload bool
 	ipv6TxOffload bool
@@ -44,12 +57,17 @@ type StdNetBind struct {
 	udpAddrPool sync.Pool
 	msgsPool    sync.Pool
 
+	msgx msgXState
+
 	blackhole4 bool
 	blackhole6 bool
 }
 
-func NewStdNetBind() Bind {
+func NewStdNetBind(externalControl control.Func) Bind {
 	return &StdNetBind{
+		externalControl:     externalControl,
+		reservedForEndpoint: make(map[netip.AddrPort][3]uint8),
+
 		udpAddrPool: sync.Pool{
 			New: func() any {
 				return &net.UDPAddr{
@@ -119,8 +137,29 @@ func (e *StdNetEndpoint) DstToString() string {
 	return e.AddrPort.String()
 }
 
-func listenNet(network string, port int) (*net.UDPConn, int, error) {
-	conn, err := listenConfig().ListenPacket(context.Background(), network, ":"+strconv.Itoa(port))
+func listenNet(externalControl control.Func, network string, port int) (*net.UDPConn, int, error) {
+	var listenerAddr string
+	if network == "udp6" {
+		listenerAddr = "[::]:" + strconv.Itoa(port)
+	} else {
+		listenerAddr = ":" + strconv.Itoa(port)
+	}
+
+	var listener net.ListenConfig
+	listener.Control = func(network, address string, conn syscall.RawConn) error {
+		for _, wgControlFn := range controlFns {
+			err := wgControlFn(network, address, conn)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		if externalControl != nil {
+			return externalControl(network, address, conn)
+		} else {
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+	conn, err := listener.ListenPacket(context.Background(), network, listenerAddr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, 0, err
 	}
@@ -147,6 +186,7 @@ func (s *StdNetBind) Open(uport uint16) ([]ReceiveFunc, uint16, error) {
 	if s.ipv4 != nil || s.ipv6 != nil {
 		return nil, 0, ErrBindAlreadyOpen
 	}
+	s.msgx.reset()
 
 	// Attempt to open ipv4 and ipv6 listeners on the same port.
 	// If uport is 0, we can retry on failure.
@@ -156,13 +196,13 @@ again:
 	var v4pc *ipv4.PacketConn
 	var v6pc *ipv6.PacketConn
 
-	v4conn, port, err = listenNet("udp4", port)
+	v4conn, port, err = listenNet(s.externalControl, "udp4", port)
 	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, syscall.EAFNOSUPPORT) {
 		return nil, 0, err
 	}
 
 	// Listen on the same port as we're using for ipv4.
-	v6conn, port, err = listenNet("udp6", port)
+	v6conn, port, err = listenNet(s.externalControl, "udp6", port)
 	if uport == 0 && errors.Is(err, syscall.EADDRINUSE) && tries < 100 {
 		v4conn.Close()
 		tries++
@@ -179,7 +219,22 @@ again:
 			v4pc = ipv4.NewPacketConn(v4conn)
 			s.ipv4PC = v4pc
 		}
+		if supportsMsgX {
+			var receiveFn ReceiveFunc
+			receiveFn, err = s.makeReceiveMsgX(v4conn, false)
+			if err != nil {
+				v4conn.Close()
+				return nil, 0, err
+			}
+			s.ipv4RC, err = v4conn.SyscallConn()
+			if err != nil {
+				v4conn.Close()
+				return nil, 0, err
+			}
+			fns = append(fns, receiveFn)
+		} else {
 			fns = append(fns, s.makeReceiveIPv4(v4pc, v4conn, s.ipv4RxOffload))
+		}
 		s.ipv4 = v4conn
 	}
 	if v6conn != nil {
@@ -188,20 +243,57 @@ again:
 			v6pc = ipv6.NewPacketConn(v6conn)
 			s.ipv6PC = v6pc
 		}
+		if supportsMsgX {
+			var receiveFn ReceiveFunc
+			receiveFn, err = s.makeReceiveMsgX(v6conn, true)
+			if err != nil {
+				v6conn.Close()
+				return nil, 0, err
+			}
+			s.ipv6RC, err = v6conn.SyscallConn()
+			if err != nil {
+				v6conn.Close()
+				return nil, 0, err
+			}
+			fns = append(fns, receiveFn)
+		} else {
 			fns = append(fns, s.makeReceiveIPv6(v6pc, v6conn, s.ipv6RxOffload))
+		}
 		s.ipv6 = v6conn
 	}
 	if len(fns) == 0 {
 		return nil, 0, syscall.EAFNOSUPPORT
 	}
+	if s.egressProvider != nil {
+		s.egressProvider.SetEgressPort(uint16(port))
+		fns = append(fns, func(bufs [][]byte, sizes []int, endpoints []Endpoint) (int, error) {
+			dataLength, source, err := s.egressProvider.ReceiveEgress(bufs[0])
+			if err != nil {
+				return 0, err
+			}
+			sizes[0] = dataLength
+			if dataLength > 3 && s.hasReserved() { // lx: SPEC 026 — gate reserved-clear on the egress receive path too, so a small-padding AmneziaWG magic in bytes 1-3 survives when no WARP reserved value is set
+				common.ClearArray(bufs[0][1:4])
+			}
+			endpoints[0] = &StdNetEndpoint{AddrPort: source}
+			return 1, nil
+		})
+	}
 
 	return fns, uint16(port), nil
 }
 
+func (s *StdNetBind) SetEgressProvider(provider EgressProvider) {
+	s.egressProvider = provider
+}
+
 func (s *StdNetBind) putMessages(msgs *[]ipv6.Message) {
 	for i := range *msgs {
-		(*msgs)[i].OOB = (*msgs)[i].OOB[:0]
-		(*msgs)[i] = ipv6.Message{Buffers: (*msgs)[i].Buffers, OOB: (*msgs)[i].OOB}
+		buffers := (*msgs)[i].Buffers
+		for j := range buffers {
+			buffers[j] = nil
+		}
+		(*msgs)[i] = ipv6.Message{Buffers: buffers[:1], OOB: (*msgs)[i].OOB[:0]}
 	}
 	s.msgsPool.Put(msgs)
 }
@@ -210,10 +302,8 @@ func (s *StdNetBind) getMessages() *[]ipv6.Message {
 	return s.msgsPool.Get().(*[]ipv6.Message)
 }
 
-var (
 // If compilation fails here these are no longer the same underlying type.
-	_ ipv6.Message = ipv4.Message{}
-)
+var _ ipv6.Message = ipv4.Message{}
 
 type batchReader interface {
 	ReadBatch([]ipv6.Message, int) (int, error)
@@ -269,8 +359,10 @@ func (s *StdNetBind) receiveIP(
 		if sizes[i] == 0 {
 			continue
 		}
-		addrPort := msg.Addr.(*net.UDPAddr).AddrPort()
-		ep := &StdNetEndpoint{AddrPort: addrPort} // TODO: remove allocation
+		if msg.N > 3 && s.hasReserved() { // lx: only strip reserved bytes for WARP (see hasReserved)
+			common.ClearArray(bufs[i][1:4])
+		}
+		ep := &StdNetEndpoint{AddrPort: M.AddrPortFromNet(msg.Addr)} // TODO: remove allocation
 		getSrcFromControl(msg.OOB[:msg.NN], ep)
 		eps[i] = ep
 	}
@@ -295,6 +387,9 @@ func (s *StdNetBind) BatchSize() int {
 	if runtime.GOOS == "linux" || runtime.GOOS == "android" {
 		return IdealBatchSize
 	}
+	if supportsMsgX {
+		return msgXBatchSize
+	}
 	return 1
 }
 
@@ -302,6 +397,9 @@ func (s *StdNetBind) Close() error {
 	s.mu.Lock()
 	defer s.mu.Unlock()
 
+	if s.egressProvider != nil {
+		s.egressProvider.SetEgressPort(0)
+	}
 	var err1, err2 error
 	if s.ipv4 != nil {
 		err1 = s.ipv4.Close()
@@ -338,14 +436,22 @@ func (e ErrUDPGSODisabled) Unwrap() error {
 	return e.RetryErr
 }
 
-func (s *StdNetBind) Send(bufs [][]byte, endpoint Endpoint) error {
+func (s *StdNetBind) Send(bufs [][]byte, endpoint Endpoint, offset int) error {
+	for len(bufs) > IdealBatchSize {
+		err := s.Send(bufs[:IdealBatchSize], endpoint, offset)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		bufs = bufs[IdealBatchSize:]
+	}
+	standardEndpoint := endpoint.(*StdNetEndpoint)
 	s.mu.Lock()
 	blackhole := s.blackhole4
 	conn := s.ipv4
 	offload := s.ipv4TxOffload
 	br := batchWriter(s.ipv4PC)
 	is6 := false
-	if endpoint.DstIP().Is6() {
+	if standardEndpoint.DstIP().Is6() {
 		blackhole = s.blackhole6
 		conn = s.ipv6
 		br = s.ipv6PC
@@ -366,22 +472,42 @@ func (s *StdNetBind) Send(bufs [][]byte, endpoint Endpoint) error {
 	ua := s.udpAddrPool.Get().(*net.UDPAddr)
 	defer s.udpAddrPool.Put(ua)
 	if is6 {
-		as16 := endpoint.DstIP().As16()
+		as16 := standardEndpoint.DstIP().As16()
 		copy(ua.IP, as16[:])
 		ua.IP = ua.IP[:16]
 	} else {
-		as4 := endpoint.DstIP().As4()
+		as4 := standardEndpoint.DstIP().As4()
 		copy(ua.IP, as4[:])
 		ua.IP = ua.IP[:4]
 	}
-	ua.Port = int(endpoint.(*StdNetEndpoint).Port())
+	ua.Port = int(standardEndpoint.Port())
 	var (
 		retried bool
 		err     error
 	)
+	for _, buf := range bufs {
+		if len(buf) > offset+3 {
+			reserved, loaded := s.reservedForEndpoint[standardEndpoint.AddrPort]
+			if loaded {
+				copy(buf[offset+1:offset+4], reserved[:])
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if s.egressProvider != nil {
+		memberConn := s.egressProvider.LookupEgress(standardEndpoint.AddrPort)
+		if memberConn != nil {
+			for _, buf := range bufs {
+				_, err = memberConn.WriteToUDPAddrPort(buf[offset:], standardEndpoint.AddrPort)
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+			}
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
 retry:
 	if offload {
-		n := coalesceMessages(ua, endpoint.(*StdNetEndpoint), bufs, *msgs, setGSOSize)
+		n := coalesceMessages(ua, standardEndpoint, bufs, offset, *msgs, setGSOSize)
 		err = s.send(conn, br, (*msgs)[:n])
 		if err != nil && offload && errShouldDisableUDPGSO(err) {
 			offload = false
@@ -398,8 +524,8 @@ retry:
 	} else {
 		for i := range bufs {
 			(*msgs)[i].Addr = ua
-			(*msgs)[i].Buffers[0] = bufs[i]
-			setSrcControl(&(*msgs)[i].OOB, endpoint.(*StdNetEndpoint))
+			(*msgs)[i].Buffers[0] = bufs[i][offset:]
+			setSrcControl(&(*msgs)[i].OOB, standardEndpoint)
 		}
 		err = s.send(conn, br, (*msgs)[:len(bufs)])
 	}
@@ -409,6 +535,24 @@ retry:
 	return err
 }
 
+func (s *StdNetBind) SetReservedForEndpoint(destination netip.AddrPort, reserved [3]byte) {
+	s.reservedForEndpoint[destination] = reserved
+}
+
+// lx: hasReserved reports whether any Cloudflare "reserved" value is set. The
+// receive path must only zero bytes 1-3 when a reserved value exists (WARP);
+// otherwise an AmneziaWG magic header that lands in bytes 1-3 (small s1/s2/s4
+// padding) would be corrupted and the packet dropped. The send path already
+// gates its stamp on a per-endpoint `loaded` check, so no change is needed there.
+func (s *StdNetBind) hasReserved() bool {
+	for _, reserved := range s.reservedForEndpoint {
+		if reserved != [3]uint8{} {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 func (s *StdNetBind) send(conn *net.UDPConn, pc batchWriter, msgs []ipv6.Message) error {
 	var (
 		n     int
@@ -424,6 +568,12 @@ func (s *StdNetBind) send(conn *net.UDPConn, pc batchWriter, msgs []ipv6.Message
 			start += n
 		}
 	} else {
+		if supportsMsgX {
+			handled, sendErr := s.sendMsgX(conn, msgs)
+			if handled {
+				return sendErr
+			}
+		}
 		for _, msg := range msgs {
 			_, _, err = conn.WriteMsgUDP(msg.Buffers[0], msg.OOB, msg.Addr.(*net.UDPAddr))
 			if err != nil {
@@ -447,10 +597,11 @@ const (
 
 type setGSOFunc func(control *[]byte, gsoSize uint16)
 
-func coalesceMessages(addr *net.UDPAddr, ep *StdNetEndpoint, bufs [][]byte, msgs []ipv6.Message, setGSO setGSOFunc) int {
+func coalesceMessages(addr *net.UDPAddr, ep *StdNetEndpoint, bufs [][]byte, offset int, msgs []ipv6.Message, setGSO setGSOFunc) int {
 	var (
 		base     = -1 // index of msg we are currently coalescing into
 		gsoSize  int  // segmentation size of msgs[base]
+		totalLen int  // length of all dgrams coalesced into msgs[base]
 		dgramCnt int  // number of dgrams coalesced into msgs[base]
 		endBatch bool // tracking flag to start a new batch on next iteration of bufs
 	)
@@ -459,16 +610,17 @@ func coalesceMessages(addr *net.UDPAddr, ep *StdNetEndpoint, bufs [][]byte, msgs
 		maxPayloadLen = maxIPv6PayloadLen
 	}
 	for i, buf := range bufs {
+		buf = buf[offset:]
 		if i > 0 {
 			msgLen := len(buf)
-			baseLenBefore := len(msgs[base].Buffers[0])
-			freeBaseCap := cap(msgs[base].Buffers[0]) - baseLenBefore
-			if msgLen+baseLenBefore <= maxPayloadLen &&
+			if msgLen+totalLen <= maxPayloadLen &&
 				msgLen <= gsoSize &&
-				msgLen <= freeBaseCap &&
 				dgramCnt < udpSegmentMaxDatagrams &&
 				!endBatch {
-				msgs[base].Buffers[0] = append(msgs[base].Buffers[0], buf...)
+				// Coalesce as an additional iovec instead of copying: element
+				// buffers are sized to their packet and have no spare capacity.
+				msgs[base].Buffers = append(msgs[base].Buffers, buf)
+				totalLen += msgLen
 				if i == len(bufs)-1 {
 					setGSO(&msgs[base].OOB, uint16(gsoSize))
 				}
@@ -489,8 +641,9 @@ func coalesceMessages(addr *net.UDPAddr, ep *StdNetEndpoint, bufs [][]byte, msgs
 		endBatch = false
 		base++
 		gsoSize = len(buf)
+		totalLen = len(buf)
 		setSrcControl(&msgs[base].OOB, ep)
-		msgs[base].Buffers[0] = buf
+		msgs[base].Buffers = append(msgs[base].Buffers[:0], buf)
 		msgs[base].Addr = addr
 		dgramCnt = 1
 	}

conn/bind_std_test.go

@@ -1,250 +0,0 @@
-package conn
-
-import (
-	"encoding/binary"
-	"net"
-	"testing"
-
-	"golang.org/x/net/ipv6"
-)
-
-func TestStdNetBindReceiveFuncAfterClose(t *testing.T) {
-	bind := NewStdNetBind().(*StdNetBind)
-	fns, _, err := bind.Open(0)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	bind.Close()
-	bufs := make([][]byte, 1)
-	bufs[0] = make([]byte, 1)
-	sizes := make([]int, 1)
-	eps := make([]Endpoint, 1)
-	for _, fn := range fns {
-		// The ReceiveFuncs must not access conn-related fields on StdNetBind
-		// unguarded. Close() nils the conn-related fields resulting in a panic
-		// if they violate the mutex.
-		fn(bufs, sizes, eps)
-	}
-}
-
-func mockSetGSOSize(control *[]byte, gsoSize uint16) {
-	*control = (*control)[:cap(*control)]
-	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint16(*control, gsoSize)
-}
-
-func Test_coalesceMessages(t *testing.T) {
-	cases := []struct {
-		name     string
-		buffs    [][]byte
-		wantLens []int
-		wantGSO  []int
-	}{
-		{
-			name: "one message no coalesce",
-			buffs: [][]byte{
-				make([]byte, 1, 1),
-			},
-			wantLens: []int{1},
-			wantGSO:  []int{0},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "two messages equal len coalesce",
-			buffs: [][]byte{
-				make([]byte, 1, 2),
-				make([]byte, 1, 1),
-			},
-			wantLens: []int{2},
-			wantGSO:  []int{1},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "two messages unequal len coalesce",
-			buffs: [][]byte{
-				make([]byte, 2, 3),
-				make([]byte, 1, 1),
-			},
-			wantLens: []int{3},
-			wantGSO:  []int{2},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "three messages second unequal len coalesce",
-			buffs: [][]byte{
-				make([]byte, 2, 3),
-				make([]byte, 1, 1),
-				make([]byte, 2, 2),
-			},
-			wantLens: []int{3, 2},
-			wantGSO:  []int{2, 0},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "three messages limited cap coalesce",
-			buffs: [][]byte{
-				make([]byte, 2, 4),
-				make([]byte, 2, 2),
-				make([]byte, 2, 2),
-			},
-			wantLens: []int{4, 2},
-			wantGSO:  []int{2, 0},
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range cases {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			addr := &net.UDPAddr{
-				IP:   net.ParseIP("127.0.0.1").To4(),
-				Port: 1,
-			}
-			msgs := make([]ipv6.Message, len(tt.buffs))
-			for i := range msgs {
-				msgs[i].Buffers = make([][]byte, 1)
-				msgs[i].OOB = make([]byte, 0, 2)
-			}
-			got := coalesceMessages(addr, &StdNetEndpoint{AddrPort: addr.AddrPort()}, tt.buffs, msgs, mockSetGSOSize)
-			if got != len(tt.wantLens) {
-				t.Fatalf("got len %d want: %d", got, len(tt.wantLens))
-			}
-			for i := 0; i < got; i++ {
-				if msgs[i].Addr != addr {
-					t.Errorf("msgs[%d].Addr != passed addr", i)
-				}
-				gotLen := len(msgs[i].Buffers[0])
-				if gotLen != tt.wantLens[i] {
-					t.Errorf("len(msgs[%d].Buffers[0]) %d != %d", i, gotLen, tt.wantLens[i])
-				}
-				gotGSO, err := mockGetGSOSize(msgs[i].OOB)
-				if err != nil {
-					t.Fatalf("msgs[%d] getGSOSize err: %v", i, err)
-				}
-				if gotGSO != tt.wantGSO[i] {
-					t.Errorf("msgs[%d] gsoSize %d != %d", i, gotGSO, tt.wantGSO[i])
-				}
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func mockGetGSOSize(control []byte) (int, error) {
-	if len(control) < 2 {
-		return 0, nil
-	}
-	return int(binary.LittleEndian.Uint16(control)), nil
-}
-
-func Test_splitCoalescedMessages(t *testing.T) {
-	newMsg := func(n, gso int) ipv6.Message {
-		msg := ipv6.Message{
-			Buffers: [][]byte{make([]byte, 1<<16-1)},
-			N:       n,
-			OOB:     make([]byte, 2),
-		}
-		binary.LittleEndian.PutUint16(msg.OOB, uint16(gso))
-		if gso > 0 {
-			msg.NN = 2
-		}
-		return msg
-	}
-
-	cases := []struct {
-		name        string
-		msgs        []ipv6.Message
-		firstMsgAt  int
-		wantNumEval int
-		wantMsgLens []int
-		wantErr     bool
-	}{
-		{
-			name: "second last split last empty",
-			msgs: []ipv6.Message{
-				newMsg(0, 0),
-				newMsg(0, 0),
-				newMsg(3, 1),
-				newMsg(0, 0),
-			},
-			firstMsgAt:  2,
-			wantNumEval: 3,
-			wantMsgLens: []int{1, 1, 1, 0},
-			wantErr:     false,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "second last no split last empty",
-			msgs: []ipv6.Message{
-				newMsg(0, 0),
-				newMsg(0, 0),
-				newMsg(1, 0),
-				newMsg(0, 0),
-			},
-			firstMsgAt:  2,
-			wantNumEval: 1,
-			wantMsgLens: []int{1, 0, 0, 0},
-			wantErr:     false,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "second last no split last no split",
-			msgs: []ipv6.Message{
-				newMsg(0, 0),
-				newMsg(0, 0),
-				newMsg(1, 0),
-				newMsg(1, 0),
-			},
-			firstMsgAt:  2,
-			wantNumEval: 2,
-			wantMsgLens: []int{1, 1, 0, 0},
-			wantErr:     false,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "second last no split last split",
-			msgs: []ipv6.Message{
-				newMsg(0, 0),
-				newMsg(0, 0),
-				newMsg(1, 0),
-				newMsg(3, 1),
-			},
-			firstMsgAt:  2,
-			wantNumEval: 4,
-			wantMsgLens: []int{1, 1, 1, 1},
-			wantErr:     false,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "second last split last split",
-			msgs: []ipv6.Message{
-				newMsg(0, 0),
-				newMsg(0, 0),
-				newMsg(2, 1),
-				newMsg(2, 1),
-			},
-			firstMsgAt:  2,
-			wantNumEval: 4,
-			wantMsgLens: []int{1, 1, 1, 1},
-			wantErr:     false,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "second last no split last split overflow",
-			msgs: []ipv6.Message{
-				newMsg(0, 0),
-				newMsg(0, 0),
-				newMsg(1, 0),
-				newMsg(4, 1),
-			},
-			firstMsgAt:  2,
-			wantNumEval: 4,
-			wantMsgLens: []int{1, 1, 1, 1},
-			wantErr:     true,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range cases {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			got, err := splitCoalescedMessages(tt.msgs, 2, mockGetGSOSize)
-			if err != nil && !tt.wantErr {
-				t.Fatalf("err: %v", err)
-			}
-			if got != tt.wantNumEval {
-				t.Fatalf("got to eval: %d want: %d", got, tt.wantNumEval)
-			}
-			for i, msg := range tt.msgs {
-				if msg.N != tt.wantMsgLens[i] {
-					t.Fatalf("msg[%d].N: %d want: %d", i, msg.N, tt.wantMsgLens[i])
-				}
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}

conn/bind_windows.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package conn
@@ -15,9 +15,12 @@ import (
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"unsafe"
 
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/control"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+	"github.com/sagernet/wireguard-go/conn/winrio"
 	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
-
-	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/conn/winrio"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -72,18 +75,26 @@ type afWinRingBind struct {
 
 // WinRingBind uses Windows registered I/O for fast ring buffered networking.
 type WinRingBind struct {
+	externalControl     control.Func
+	reservedForEndpoint map[WinRingEndpoint][3]uint8
+
 	v4, v6 afWinRingBind
 	mu     sync.RWMutex
 	isOpen atomic.Uint32 // 0, 1, or 2
 }
 
-func NewDefaultBind() Bind { return NewWinRingBind() }
-
-func NewWinRingBind() Bind {
-	if !winrio.Initialize() {
-		return NewStdNetBind()
+func NewDefaultBind(externalControl control.Func) Bind {
+	return NewWinRingBind(externalControl)
+}
+
+func NewWinRingBind(externalControl control.Func) Bind {
+	if !winrio.Initialize() {
+		return NewStdNetBind(externalControl)
+	}
+	return &WinRingBind{
+		externalControl:     externalControl,
+		reservedForEndpoint: make(map[WinRingEndpoint][3]uint8),
 	}
-	return new(WinRingBind)
 }
 
 type WinRingEndpoint struct {
@@ -239,7 +250,7 @@ func (ring *ringBuffer) Open() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (bind *afWinRingBind) Open(family int32, sa windows.Sockaddr) (windows.Sockaddr, error) {
+func (bind *afWinRingBind) Open(family int32, sa windows.Sockaddr, externalControl control.Func) (windows.Sockaddr, error) {
 	var err error
 	bind.sock, err = winrio.Socket(family, windows.SOCK_DGRAM, windows.IPPROTO_UDP)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -257,6 +268,19 @@ func (bind *afWinRingBind) Open(family int32, sa windows.Sockaddr) (windows.Sock
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	var network string
+	switch family {
+	case windows.AF_INET:
+		network = "udp4"
+	case windows.AF_INET6:
+		network = "udp6"
+	}
+	if externalControl != nil {
+		err = externalControl(network, M.AddrPortFromSockaddr(sa).String(), &fakeRawConn{bind.sock})
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
 	err = windows.Bind(bind.sock, sa)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -268,6 +292,23 @@ func (bind *afWinRingBind) Open(family int32, sa windows.Sockaddr) (windows.Sock
 	return sa, nil
 }
 
+type fakeRawConn struct {
+	socket windows.Handle
+}
+
+func (c *fakeRawConn) Control(f func(fd uintptr)) error {
+	f(uintptr(c.socket))
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *fakeRawConn) Read(f func(fd uintptr) (done bool)) error {
+	panic("not implemented")
+}
+
+func (c *fakeRawConn) Write(f func(fd uintptr) (done bool)) error {
+	panic("not implemented")
+}
+
 func (bind *WinRingBind) Open(port uint16) (recvFns []ReceiveFunc, selectedPort uint16, err error) {
 	bind.mu.Lock()
 	defer bind.mu.Unlock()
@@ -280,11 +321,11 @@ func (bind *WinRingBind) Open(port uint16) (recvFns []ReceiveFunc, selectedPort
 		return nil, 0, ErrBindAlreadyOpen
 	}
 	var sa windows.Sockaddr
-	sa, err = bind.v4.Open(windows.AF_INET, &windows.SockaddrInet4{Port: int(port)})
+	sa, err = bind.v4.Open(windows.AF_INET, &windows.SockaddrInet4{Port: int(port)}, bind.externalControl)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, 0, err
 	}
-	sa, err = bind.v6.Open(windows.AF_INET6, &windows.SockaddrInet6{Port: sa.(*windows.SockaddrInet4).Port})
+	sa, err = bind.v6.Open(windows.AF_INET6, &windows.SockaddrInet6{Port: sa.(*windows.SockaddrInet4).Port}, bind.externalControl)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, 0, err
 	}
@@ -420,6 +461,9 @@ func (bind *WinRingBind) receiveIPv4(bufs [][]byte, sizes []int, eps []Endpoint)
 	bind.mu.RLock()
 	defer bind.mu.RUnlock()
 	n, ep, err := bind.v4.Receive(bufs[0], &bind.isOpen)
+	if n > 3 && bind.hasReserved() { // lx: only strip reserved bytes for WARP (see hasReserved)
+		common.ClearArray(bufs[0][1:4])
+	}
 	sizes[0] = n
 	eps[0] = ep
 	return 1, err
@@ -429,6 +473,9 @@ func (bind *WinRingBind) receiveIPv6(bufs [][]byte, sizes []int, eps []Endpoint)
 	bind.mu.RLock()
 	defer bind.mu.RUnlock()
 	n, ep, err := bind.v6.Receive(bufs[0], &bind.isOpen)
+	if n > 3 && bind.hasReserved() { // lx: only strip reserved bytes for WARP (see hasReserved)
+		common.ClearArray(bufs[0][1:4])
+	}
 	sizes[0] = n
 	eps[0] = ep
 	return 1, err
@@ -486,7 +533,7 @@ func (bind *afWinRingBind) Send(buf []byte, nend *WinRingEndpoint, isOpen *atomi
 	return winrio.SendEx(bind.rq, dataBuffer, 1, nil, addressBuffer, nil, nil, 0, 0)
 }
 
-func (bind *WinRingBind) Send(bufs [][]byte, endpoint Endpoint) error {
+func (bind *WinRingBind) Send(bufs [][]byte, endpoint Endpoint, offset int) error {
 	nend, ok := endpoint.(*WinRingEndpoint)
 	if !ok {
 		return ErrWrongEndpointType
@@ -494,6 +541,13 @@ func (bind *WinRingBind) Send(bufs [][]byte, endpoint Endpoint) error {
 	bind.mu.RLock()
 	defer bind.mu.RUnlock()
 	for _, buf := range bufs {
+		buf = buf[offset:]
+		if len(buf) > 3 {
+			reserved, loaded := bind.reservedForEndpoint[*endpoint.(*WinRingEndpoint)]
+			if loaded {
+				copy(buf[1:4], reserved[:])
+			}
+		}
 		switch nend.family {
 		case windows.AF_INET:
 			if bind.v4.blackhole {
@@ -514,6 +568,26 @@ func (bind *WinRingBind) Send(bufs [][]byte, endpoint Endpoint) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (bind *WinRingBind) SetReservedForEndpoint(destination netip.AddrPort, reserved [3]byte) {
+	endpoint, err := bind.ParseEndpoint(destination.String())
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(E.Cause(err, "parse destination as WinRingEndpoint"))
+	}
+	bind.reservedForEndpoint[*endpoint.(*WinRingEndpoint)] = reserved
+}
+
+// lx: hasReserved reports whether any Cloudflare "reserved" value is set. See
+// the StdNetBind.hasReserved comment — the unconditional receive clear would
+// corrupt an AmneziaWG magic header sitting in bytes 1-3 (small padding).
+func (bind *WinRingBind) hasReserved() bool {
+	for _, reserved := range bind.reservedForEndpoint {
+		if reserved != [3]uint8{} {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 func (s *StdNetBind) BindSocketToInterface4(interfaceIndex uint32, blackhole bool) error {
 	s.mu.Lock()
 	defer s.mu.Unlock()

conn/bindtest/bindtest.go

@@ -1,136 +0,0 @@
-/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
- */
-
-package bindtest
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"math/rand"
-	"net"
-	"net/netip"
-	"os"
-
-	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/conn"
-)
-
-type ChannelBind struct {
-	rx4, tx4         *chan []byte
-	rx6, tx6         *chan []byte
-	closeSignal      chan bool
-	source4, source6 ChannelEndpoint
-	target4, target6 ChannelEndpoint
-}
-
-type ChannelEndpoint uint16
-
-var (
-	_ conn.Bind     = (*ChannelBind)(nil)
-	_ conn.Endpoint = (*ChannelEndpoint)(nil)
-)
-
-func NewChannelBinds() [2]conn.Bind {
-	arx4 := make(chan []byte, 8192)
-	brx4 := make(chan []byte, 8192)
-	arx6 := make(chan []byte, 8192)
-	brx6 := make(chan []byte, 8192)
-	var binds [2]ChannelBind
-	binds[0].rx4 = &arx4
-	binds[0].tx4 = &brx4
-	binds[1].rx4 = &brx4
-	binds[1].tx4 = &arx4
-	binds[0].rx6 = &arx6
-	binds[0].tx6 = &brx6
-	binds[1].rx6 = &brx6
-	binds[1].tx6 = &arx6
-	binds[0].target4 = ChannelEndpoint(1)
-	binds[1].target4 = ChannelEndpoint(2)
-	binds[0].target6 = ChannelEndpoint(3)
-	binds[1].target6 = ChannelEndpoint(4)
-	binds[0].source4 = binds[1].target4
-	binds[0].source6 = binds[1].target6
-	binds[1].source4 = binds[0].target4
-	binds[1].source6 = binds[0].target6
-	return [2]conn.Bind{&binds[0], &binds[1]}
-}
-
-func (c ChannelEndpoint) ClearSrc() {}
-
-func (c ChannelEndpoint) SrcToString() string { return "" }
-
-func (c ChannelEndpoint) DstToString() string { return fmt.Sprintf("127.0.0.1:%d", c) }
-
-func (c ChannelEndpoint) DstToBytes() []byte { return []byte{byte(c)} }
-
-func (c ChannelEndpoint) DstIP() netip.Addr { return netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{127, 0, 0, 1}) }
-
-func (c ChannelEndpoint) SrcIP() netip.Addr { return netip.Addr{} }
-
-func (c *ChannelBind) Open(port uint16) (fns []conn.ReceiveFunc, actualPort uint16, err error) {
-	c.closeSignal = make(chan bool)
-	fns = append(fns, c.makeReceiveFunc(*c.rx4))
-	fns = append(fns, c.makeReceiveFunc(*c.rx6))
-	if rand.Uint32()&1 == 0 {
-		return fns, uint16(c.source4), nil
-	} else {
-		return fns, uint16(c.source6), nil
-	}
-}
-
-func (c *ChannelBind) Close() error {
-	if c.closeSignal != nil {
-		select {
-		case <-c.closeSignal:
-		default:
-			close(c.closeSignal)
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (c *ChannelBind) BatchSize() int { return 1 }
-
-func (c *ChannelBind) SetMark(mark uint32) error { return nil }
-
-func (c *ChannelBind) makeReceiveFunc(ch chan []byte) conn.ReceiveFunc {
-	return func(bufs [][]byte, sizes []int, eps []conn.Endpoint) (n int, err error) {
-		select {
-		case <-c.closeSignal:
-			return 0, net.ErrClosed
-		case rx := <-ch:
-			copied := copy(bufs[0], rx)
-			sizes[0] = copied
-			eps[0] = c.target6
-			return 1, nil
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (c *ChannelBind) Send(bufs [][]byte, ep conn.Endpoint) error {
-	for _, b := range bufs {
-		select {
-		case <-c.closeSignal:
-			return net.ErrClosed
-		default:
-			bc := make([]byte, len(b))
-			copy(bc, b)
-			if ep.(ChannelEndpoint) == c.target4 {
-				*c.tx4 <- bc
-			} else if ep.(ChannelEndpoint) == c.target6 {
-				*c.tx6 <- bc
-			} else {
-				return os.ErrInvalid
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (c *ChannelBind) ParseEndpoint(s string) (conn.Endpoint, error) {
-	addr, err := netip.ParseAddrPort(s)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return ChannelEndpoint(addr.Port()), nil
-}

conn/boundif_android.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package conn

conn/conn.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 // Package conn implements WireGuard's network connections.
@@ -45,9 +45,11 @@ type Bind interface {
 	// This mark is passed to the kernel as the socket option SO_MARK.
 	SetMark(mark uint32) error
 
-	// Send writes one or more packets in bufs to address ep. The length of
-	// bufs must not exceed BatchSize().
-	Send(bufs [][]byte, ep Endpoint) error
+	// Send writes one or more packets in bufs to address ep. A nonzero offset
+	// can be used to instruct the Bind on where packet data begins in each
+	// element of the bufs slice. Space preceding offset is free to use for
+	// additional encapsulation. The length of bufs must not exceed BatchSize().
+	Send(bufs [][]byte, ep Endpoint, offset int) error
 
 	// ParseEndpoint creates a new endpoint from a string.
 	ParseEndpoint(s string) (Endpoint, error)
@@ -55,6 +57,8 @@ type Bind interface {
 	// BatchSize is the number of buffers expected to be passed to
 	// the ReceiveFuncs, and the maximum expected to be passed to SendBatch.
 	BatchSize() int
+
+	SetReservedForEndpoint(destination netip.AddrPort, reserved [3]byte)
 }
 
 // BindSocketToInterface is implemented by Bind objects that support being
@@ -84,6 +88,40 @@ type Endpoint interface {
 	SrcIP() netip.Addr
 }
 
+// InitiationAwareEndpoint is an optional [Endpoint] specialization for
+// integrations that want to know when a WireGuard handshake initiation
+// message has been received, enabling just-in-time peer configuration before
+// attempted decryption.
+//
+// It's most useful when used in combination with [PeerAwareEndpoint], enabling
+// JIT peer configuration and post-decryption peer verification from a single
+// implementer.
+type InitiationAwareEndpoint interface {
+	// InitiationMessagePublicKey is called when a handshake initiation message
+	// has been received, and the sender's public key has been identified, but
+	// BEFORE an attempt has been made to verify it.
+	InitiationMessagePublicKey(peerPublicKey [32]byte)
+}
+
+// PeerAwareEndpoint is an optional Endpoint specialization for
+// integrations that want to know about the outcome of Cryptokey Routing
+// identification.
+//
+// If they receive a packet from a source they had not pre-identified,
+// to learn the identification WireGuard can derive from the session
+// or handshake.
+//
+// A [PeerAwareEndpoint] may be installed as the [conn.Endpoint] following
+// successful decryption unless endpoint roaming has been disabled for
+// the peer.
+type PeerAwareEndpoint interface {
+	// FromPeer is called at least once per successfully Cryptokey Routing ID'd
+	// [ReceiveFunc] packets batch for a given node key. wireguard-go will
+	// always call it for the latest/tail packet in the batch, only ever
+	// suppressing calls for older packets.
+	FromPeer(peerPublicKey [32]byte)
+}
+
 var (
 	ErrBindAlreadyOpen   = errors.New("bind is already open")
 	ErrWrongEndpointType = errors.New("endpoint type does not correspond with bind type")

conn/conn_test.go

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
- */
-
-package conn
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-)
-
-func TestPrettyName(t *testing.T) {
-	var (
-		recvFunc ReceiveFunc = func(bufs [][]byte, sizes []int, eps []Endpoint) (n int, err error) { return }
-	)
-
-	const want = "TestPrettyName"
-
-	t.Run("ReceiveFunc.PrettyName", func(t *testing.T) {
-		if got := recvFunc.PrettyName(); got != want {
-			t.Errorf("PrettyName() = %v, want %v", got, want)
-		}
-	})
-}

conn/controlfns.go

@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package conn
 
 import (
-	"net"
-	"syscall"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/control"
 )
 
 // UDP socket read/write buffer size (7MB). The value of 7MB is chosen as it is
@@ -17,27 +16,6 @@ import (
 // around this limitation)
 const socketBufferSize = 7 << 20
 
-// controlFn is the callback function signature from net.ListenConfig.Control.
-// It is used to apply platform specific configuration to the socket prior to
-// bind.
-type controlFn func(network, address string, c syscall.RawConn) error
-
 // controlFns is a list of functions that are called from the listen config
 // that can apply socket options.
-var controlFns = []controlFn{}
-
-// listenConfig returns a net.ListenConfig that applies the controlFns to the
-// socket prior to bind. This is used to apply socket buffer sizing and packet
-// information OOB configuration for sticky sockets.
-func listenConfig() *net.ListenConfig {
-	return &net.ListenConfig{
-		Control: func(network, address string, c syscall.RawConn) error {
-			for _, fn := range controlFns {
-				if err := fn(network, address, c); err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-			}
-			return nil
-		},
-	}
-}
+var controlFns []control.Func

conn/controlfns_linux.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package conn
@@ -13,6 +13,35 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
 )
 
+// Taken from go/src/internal/syscall/unix/kernel_version_linux.go
+func kernelVersion() (major, minor int) {
+	var uname unix.Utsname
+	if err := unix.Uname(&uname); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	var (
+		values    [2]int
+		value, vi int
+	)
+	for _, c := range uname.Release {
+		if '0' <= c && c <= '9' {
+			value = (value * 10) + int(c-'0')
+		} else {
+			// Note that we're assuming N.N.N here.
+			// If we see anything else, we are likely to mis-parse it.
+			values[vi] = value
+			vi++
+			if vi >= len(values) {
+				break
+			}
+			value = 0
+		}
+	}
+
+	return values[0], values[1]
+}
+
 func init() {
 	controlFns = append(controlFns,
 
@@ -60,6 +89,17 @@ func init() {
 
 		// Attempt to enable UDP_GRO
 		func(network, address string, c syscall.RawConn) error {
+			// Kernels below 5.12 are missing 98184612aca0 ("net:
+			// udp: Add support for getsockopt(..., ..., UDP_GRO,
+			// ..., ...);"), which means we can't read this back
+			// later. We could pipe the return value through to
+			// the rest of the code, but UDP_GRO is kind of buggy
+			// anyway, so just gate this here.
+			major, minor := kernelVersion()
+			if major < 5 || (major == 5 && minor < 12) {
+				return nil
+			}
+
 			c.Control(func(fd uintptr) {
 				_ = unix.SetsockoptInt(int(fd), unix.IPPROTO_UDP, unix.UDP_GRO, 1)
 			})

conn/controlfns_unix.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package conn

conn/controlfns_windows.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package conn

conn/default.go

@@ -2,9 +2,13 @@
 
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package conn
 
-func NewDefaultBind() Bind { return NewStdNetBind() }
+import "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/control"
+
+func NewDefaultBind(externalControl control.Func) Bind {
+	return NewStdNetBind(externalControl)
+}

conn/errors_default.go

@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
 
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package conn
 
-func errShouldDisableUDPGSO(err error) bool {
+func errShouldDisableUDPGSO(_ error) bool {
 	return false
 }

conn/errors_linux.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package conn

conn/features_default.go

@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@
 
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package conn
 
 import "net"
 
-func supportsUDPOffload(conn *net.UDPConn) (txOffload, rxOffload bool) {
+func supportsUDPOffload(_ *net.UDPConn) (txOffload, rxOffload bool) {
 	return
 }

conn/features_linux.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package conn

conn/gso_default.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package conn

conn/gso_linux.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package conn

conn/mark_default.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package conn

conn/mark_unix.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package conn

conn/msgx_darwin.go

@@ -0,0 +1,325 @@
+// On iOS both directions misbehave in the Network Extension (recvmsg_x on
+// unconnected UDP sockets delivers no data, connected sockets stop passing
+// traffic after a rebind), so msgx is macOS only until it can be debugged
+// on a device.
+
+//go:build darwin && !ios
+
+package conn
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"syscall"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+	"golang.org/x/net/ipv6"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+)
+
+const supportsMsgX = true
+
+const msgXBatchSize = IdealBatchSize
+
+// msghdrX mirrors XNU's struct msghdr_x used by sendmsg_x/recvmsg_x.
+// Per bsd/sys/socket_private.h, sendmsg_x supports neither addresses nor
+// ancillary data (msg_name and msg_control must be zero), so batched sends
+// require a connected socket. recvmsg_x does fill in per-message source
+// addresses (copyout_maddr in uipc_syscalls.c). utun cannot use the send
+// side at all (no ctl_send_list in if_utun.c).
+type msghdrX struct {
+	Msg     unix.Msghdr
+	DataLen uint32
+}
+
+type msgXState struct {
+	singlePeer  atomic.Bool
+	disabled    atomic.Bool // permanent fallback to the generic paths
+	connected4  atomic.Bool
+	connected6  atomic.Bool
+	endpoint    atomic.Pointer[StdNetEndpoint]
+	connectLock sync.Mutex
+}
+
+// reset clears per-socket state; must be called when the bind (re)opens,
+// as the connected state belongs to the previous sockets.
+func (m *msgXState) reset() {
+	m.disabled.Store(false)
+	m.connected4.Store(false)
+	m.connected6.Store(false)
+	m.endpoint.Store(nil)
+}
+
+func (m *msgXState) connectedFlag(isV6 bool) *atomic.Bool {
+	if isV6 {
+		return &m.connected6
+	}
+	return &m.connected4
+}
+
+// SetSinglePeerMode enables connected-socket sendmsg_x batching. Only safe
+// when the bind serves exactly one peer with a fixed endpoint: the kernel
+// will drop datagrams from any other source, so peer roaming stops working.
+func (s *StdNetBind) SetSinglePeerMode() {
+	s.msgx.singlePeer.Store(true)
+}
+
+func sockaddrFromAddrPort(addrPort netip.AddrPort, storage4 *unix.RawSockaddrInet4, storage6 *unix.RawSockaddrInet6) (unsafe.Pointer, uint32) {
+	port := addrPort.Port()<<8 | addrPort.Port()>>8
+	if addrPort.Addr().Unmap().Is4() {
+		*storage4 = unix.RawSockaddrInet4{
+			Len:    unix.SizeofSockaddrInet4,
+			Family: unix.AF_INET,
+			Port:   port,
+			Addr:   addrPort.Addr().Unmap().As4(),
+		}
+		return unsafe.Pointer(storage4), unix.SizeofSockaddrInet4
+	}
+	*storage6 = unix.RawSockaddrInet6{
+		Len:    unix.SizeofSockaddrInet6,
+		Family: unix.AF_INET6,
+		Port:   port,
+		Addr:   addrPort.Addr().As16(),
+	}
+	return unsafe.Pointer(storage6), unix.SizeofSockaddrInet6
+}
+
+// ensureConnected connects the family socket to the single peer on first
+// use, and permanently falls back if a second endpoint shows up.
+func (s *StdNetBind) ensureConnected(rawConn syscall.RawConn, isV6 bool, destination netip.AddrPort) bool {
+	if s.msgx.disabled.Load() || !s.msgx.singlePeer.Load() {
+		return false
+	}
+	connected := s.msgx.connectedFlag(isV6)
+	if connected.Load() {
+		if s.msgx.endpoint.Load().AddrPort == destination {
+			return true
+		}
+		s.msgx.connectLock.Lock()
+		defer s.msgx.connectLock.Unlock()
+		if s.msgx.disabled.Load() {
+			return false
+		}
+		s.msgx.disabled.Store(true)
+		var disconnectErr error
+		controlErr := rawConn.Control(func(fd uintptr) {
+			addr := unix.RawSockaddrAny{}
+			addr.Addr.Family = unix.AF_UNSPEC
+			//nolint:staticcheck
+			_, _, errno := unix.Syscall(unix.SYS_CONNECT, fd, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&addr)), unix.SizeofSockaddrAny)
+			if errno != 0 && errno != unix.EAFNOSUPPORT {
+				disconnectErr = errno
+			}
+		})
+		if controlErr == nil && disconnectErr == nil {
+			connected.Store(false)
+		}
+		return false
+	}
+	s.msgx.connectLock.Lock()
+	defer s.msgx.connectLock.Unlock()
+	if s.msgx.disabled.Load() {
+		return false
+	}
+	if connected.Load() {
+		return s.msgx.endpoint.Load().AddrPort == destination
+	}
+	var (
+		storage4   unix.RawSockaddrInet4
+		storage6   unix.RawSockaddrInet6
+		connectErr unix.Errno
+	)
+	name, nameLen := sockaddrFromAddrPort(destination, &storage4, &storage6)
+	controlErr := rawConn.Control(func(fd uintptr) {
+		//nolint:staticcheck
+		_, _, connectErr = unix.Syscall(unix.SYS_CONNECT, fd, uintptr(name), uintptr(nameLen))
+	})
+	if controlErr != nil || connectErr != 0 {
+		s.msgx.disabled.Store(true)
+		return false
+	}
+	s.msgx.endpoint.Store(&StdNetEndpoint{AddrPort: destination})
+	connected.Store(true)
+	return true
+}
+
+type sendMsgXState struct {
+	hdrs []msghdrX
+	iovs []unix.Iovec
+}
+
+var sendMsgXPool = sync.Pool{New: func() any {
+	return &sendMsgXState{
+		hdrs: make([]msghdrX, IdealBatchSize),
+		iovs: make([]unix.Iovec, IdealBatchSize),
+	}
+}}
+
+// sendMsgX sends msgs via sendmsg_x when the socket is connected to their
+// endpoint. handled == false means nothing was sent and the caller must use
+// the generic path; msgs are never partially consumed in that case.
+func (s *StdNetBind) sendMsgX(conn *net.UDPConn, msgs []ipv6.Message) (bool, error) {
+	var (
+		rawConn syscall.RawConn
+		isV6    bool
+	)
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	if conn == s.ipv6 {
+		rawConn = s.ipv6RC
+		isV6 = true
+	} else {
+		rawConn = s.ipv4RC
+	}
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+	if rawConn == nil {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	destination := M.AddrPortFromNet(msgs[0].Addr)
+	if !s.ensureConnected(rawConn, isV6, destination) {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	state := sendMsgXPool.Get().(*sendMsgXState)
+	defer sendMsgXPool.Put(state)
+	for i := range msgs {
+		buffer := msgs[i].Buffers[0]
+		state.iovs[i] = unix.Iovec{Base: &buffer[0]}
+		state.iovs[i].SetLen(len(buffer))
+		state.hdrs[i] = msghdrX{}
+		state.hdrs[i].Msg.Iov = &state.iovs[i]
+		state.hdrs[i].Msg.Iovlen = 1
+	}
+	var sent int
+	for sent < len(msgs) {
+		var (
+			n     uintptr
+			errno unix.Errno
+		)
+		writeErr := rawConn.Write(func(fd uintptr) bool {
+			//nolint:staticcheck
+			n, _, errno = unix.RawSyscall6(unix.SYS_SENDMSG_X, fd,
+				uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&state.hdrs[sent])), uintptr(len(msgs)-sent), unix.MSG_DONTWAIT, 0, 0)
+			return errno != unix.EAGAIN
+		})
+		if writeErr != nil {
+			return true, writeErr
+		}
+		if errno != 0 {
+			if sent == 0 {
+				// The syscall is refusing this socket entirely (sandbox,
+				// disconnected by the system, ...): disable and let the
+				// caller resend everything on the generic path.
+				s.msgx.disabled.Store(true)
+				return false, nil
+			}
+			return true, errno
+		}
+		sent += int(n)
+	}
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+type receiveMsgXState struct {
+	hdrs     []msghdrX
+	iovs     []unix.Iovec
+	names    []unix.RawSockaddrInet6
+	fallback bool
+}
+
+func (s *StdNetBind) receiveSingle(conn *net.UDPConn, bufs [][]byte, sizes []int, eps []Endpoint) (int, error) {
+	n, _, _, addr, err := conn.ReadMsgUDPAddrPort(bufs[0], nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	sizes[0] = n
+	if n > 3 && s.hasReserved() { // lx: only strip reserved bytes for WARP (see hasReserved)
+		bufs[0][1] = 0
+		bufs[0][2] = 0
+		bufs[0][3] = 0
+	}
+	eps[0] = &StdNetEndpoint{AddrPort: addr}
+	return 1, nil
+}
+
+func (s *StdNetBind) makeReceiveMsgX(conn *net.UDPConn, isV6 bool) (ReceiveFunc, error) {
+	rawConn, err := conn.SyscallConn()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	state := &receiveMsgXState{
+		hdrs:  make([]msghdrX, msgXBatchSize),
+		iovs:  make([]unix.Iovec, msgXBatchSize),
+		names: make([]unix.RawSockaddrInet6, msgXBatchSize),
+	}
+	return func(bufs [][]byte, sizes []int, eps []Endpoint) (int, error) {
+		if state.fallback || s.msgx.disabled.Load() {
+			return s.receiveSingle(conn, bufs, sizes, eps)
+		}
+		connectedEndpoint := s.msgx.endpoint.Load()
+		if !s.msgx.connectedFlag(isV6).Load() {
+			connectedEndpoint = nil
+		}
+		count := len(bufs)
+		if count > msgXBatchSize {
+			count = msgXBatchSize
+		}
+		for i := 0; i < count; i++ {
+			state.iovs[i] = unix.Iovec{Base: &bufs[i][0]}
+			state.iovs[i].SetLen(len(bufs[i]))
+			state.hdrs[i] = msghdrX{}
+			if connectedEndpoint == nil {
+				state.hdrs[i].Msg.Name = (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&state.names[i]))
+				state.hdrs[i].Msg.Namelen = unix.SizeofSockaddrInet6
+			}
+			state.hdrs[i].Msg.Iov = &state.iovs[i]
+			state.hdrs[i].Msg.Iovlen = 1
+		}
+		var (
+			n     uintptr
+			errno unix.Errno
+		)
+		readErr := rawConn.Read(func(fd uintptr) bool {
+			//nolint:staticcheck
+			n, _, errno = unix.RawSyscall6(unix.SYS_RECVMSG_X, fd,
+				uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&state.hdrs[0])), uintptr(count), unix.MSG_DONTWAIT, 0, 0)
+			return errno != unix.EAGAIN
+		})
+		if readErr != nil {
+			return 0, readErr
+		}
+		if errno != 0 {
+			// recvmsg_x is refusing this socket (sandbox, protocol, ...):
+			// serve this and all future calls with a plain single read so
+			// the receive routine keeps running.
+			state.fallback = true
+			return s.receiveSingle(conn, bufs, sizes, eps)
+		}
+		numMsgs := int(n)
+		for i := 0; i < numMsgs; i++ {
+			sizes[i] = int(state.hdrs[i].DataLen)
+			if sizes[i] > 3 && s.hasReserved() { // lx: only strip reserved bytes for WARP (see hasReserved)
+				bufs[i][1] = 0
+				bufs[i][2] = 0
+				bufs[i][3] = 0
+			}
+			if connectedEndpoint != nil {
+				eps[i] = connectedEndpoint
+				continue
+			}
+			var addrPort netip.AddrPort
+			name := &state.names[i]
+			if name.Family == unix.AF_INET6 {
+				port := name.Port<<8 | name.Port>>8
+				addrPort = netip.AddrPortFrom(netip.AddrFrom16(name.Addr).Unmap(), port)
+			} else {
+				name4 := (*unix.RawSockaddrInet4)(unsafe.Pointer(name))
+				port := name4.Port<<8 | name4.Port>>8
+				addrPort = netip.AddrPortFrom(netip.AddrFrom4(name4.Addr), port)
+			}
+			eps[i] = &StdNetEndpoint{AddrPort: addrPort}
+		}
+		return numMsgs, nil
+	}, nil
+}

conn/msgx_default.go

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+//go:build !darwin || ios
+
+package conn
+
+import (
+	"net"
+
+	"golang.org/x/net/ipv6"
+)
+
+const supportsMsgX = false
+
+const msgXBatchSize = 1
+
+type msgXState struct{}
+
+func (m *msgXState) reset() {
+}
+
+// SetSinglePeerMode is a no-op on platforms without sendmsg_x/recvmsg_x.
+func (s *StdNetBind) SetSinglePeerMode() {
+}
+
+func (s *StdNetBind) sendMsgX(conn *net.UDPConn, msgs []ipv6.Message) (bool, error) {
+	return false, nil
+}
+
+func (s *StdNetBind) makeReceiveMsgX(conn *net.UDPConn, isV6 bool) (ReceiveFunc, error) {
+	panic("makeReceiveMsgX is not supported on this platform")
+}

conn/reserved_gate_lx_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ *
+ * lx: unit coverage for the StdNetBind.hasReserved() gate that guards the
+ * receive-side reserved-clear. receiveIP zeroes bytes 1-3 (Cloudflare WARP
+ * "reserved") only when a non-zero reserved value is set for some endpoint;
+ * otherwise an AmneziaWG magic header landing in bytes 1-3 (small s1/s2/s4
+ * padding) would be corrupted and the packet dropped. This test pins the gate
+ * itself; the end-to-end handshake proof lives in the device package.
+ */
+
+package conn
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func stdNetBindForTest(t *testing.T) *StdNetBind {
+	t.Helper()
+	b, ok := NewStdNetBind(nil).(*StdNetBind)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("NewStdNetBind did not return *StdNetBind")
+	}
+	return b
+}
+
+func TestStdNetBindHasReserved(t *testing.T) {
+	b := stdNetBindForTest(t)
+	if b.hasReserved() {
+		t.Fatal("fresh bind must report no reserved value")
+	}
+
+	ep := netip.MustParseAddrPort("127.0.0.1:51820")
+
+	// An all-zero reserved value is indistinguishable from "unset" and must
+	// not arm the clear.
+	b.SetReservedForEndpoint(ep, [3]byte{0, 0, 0})
+	if b.hasReserved() {
+		t.Fatal("all-zero reserved must not count as reserved")
+	}
+
+	// Any non-zero byte (WARP anycast tag) arms the clear.
+	b.SetReservedForEndpoint(ep, [3]byte{0, 0, 1})
+	if !b.hasReserved() {
+		t.Fatal("non-zero reserved (byte 3) must count as reserved")
+	}
+
+	// A second endpoint's non-zero value must also be seen.
+	b2 := stdNetBindForTest(t)
+	ep2 := netip.MustParseAddrPort("192.0.2.1:2408")
+	b2.SetReservedForEndpoint(ep, [3]byte{0, 0, 0})
+	b2.SetReservedForEndpoint(ep2, [3]byte{0xAB, 0, 0})
+	if !b2.hasReserved() {
+		t.Fatal("non-zero reserved on any endpoint must count as reserved")
+	}
+}

conn/sticky_default.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package conn

conn/sticky_linux.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package conn

conn/sticky_linux_test.go

@@ -1,266 +0,0 @@
-//go:build linux && !android
-
-/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
- */
-
-package conn
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"net"
-	"net/netip"
-	"runtime"
-	"testing"
-	"unsafe"
-
-	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
-)
-
-func setSrc(ep *StdNetEndpoint, addr netip.Addr, ifidx int32) {
-	var buf []byte
-	if addr.Is4() {
-		buf = make([]byte, unix.CmsgSpace(unix.SizeofInet4Pktinfo))
-		hdr := unix.Cmsghdr{
-			Level: unix.IPPROTO_IP,
-			Type:  unix.IP_PKTINFO,
-		}
-		hdr.SetLen(unix.CmsgLen(unix.SizeofInet4Pktinfo))
-		copy(buf, unsafe.Slice((*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&hdr)), int(unsafe.Sizeof(hdr))))
-
-		info := unix.Inet4Pktinfo{
-			Ifindex:  ifidx,
-			Spec_dst: addr.As4(),
-		}
-		copy(buf[unix.CmsgLen(0):], unsafe.Slice((*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&info)), unix.SizeofInet4Pktinfo))
-	} else {
-		buf = make([]byte, unix.CmsgSpace(unix.SizeofInet6Pktinfo))
-		hdr := unix.Cmsghdr{
-			Level: unix.IPPROTO_IPV6,
-			Type:  unix.IPV6_PKTINFO,
-		}
-		hdr.SetLen(unix.CmsgLen(unix.SizeofInet6Pktinfo))
-		copy(buf, unsafe.Slice((*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&hdr)), int(unsafe.Sizeof(hdr))))
-
-		info := unix.Inet6Pktinfo{
-			Ifindex: uint32(ifidx),
-			Addr:    addr.As16(),
-		}
-		copy(buf[unix.CmsgLen(0):], unsafe.Slice((*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&info)), unix.SizeofInet6Pktinfo))
-	}
-
-	ep.src = buf
-}
-
-func Test_setSrcControl(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("IPv4", func(t *testing.T) {
-		ep := &StdNetEndpoint{
-			AddrPort: netip.MustParseAddrPort("127.0.0.1:1234"),
-		}
-		setSrc(ep, netip.MustParseAddr("127.0.0.1"), 5)
-
-		control := make([]byte, stickyControlSize)
-
-		setSrcControl(&control, ep)
-
-		hdr := (*unix.Cmsghdr)(unsafe.Pointer(&control[0]))
-		if hdr.Level != unix.IPPROTO_IP {
-			t.Errorf("unexpected level: %d", hdr.Level)
-		}
-		if hdr.Type != unix.IP_PKTINFO {
-			t.Errorf("unexpected type: %d", hdr.Type)
-		}
-		if uint(hdr.Len) != uint(unix.CmsgLen(int(unsafe.Sizeof(unix.Inet4Pktinfo{})))) {
-			t.Errorf("unexpected length: %d", hdr.Len)
-		}
-		info := (*unix.Inet4Pktinfo)(unsafe.Pointer(&control[unix.CmsgLen(0)]))
-		if info.Spec_dst[0] != 127 || info.Spec_dst[1] != 0 || info.Spec_dst[2] != 0 || info.Spec_dst[3] != 1 {
-			t.Errorf("unexpected address: %v", info.Spec_dst)
-		}
-		if info.Ifindex != 5 {
-			t.Errorf("unexpected ifindex: %d", info.Ifindex)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("IPv6", func(t *testing.T) {
-		ep := &StdNetEndpoint{
-			AddrPort: netip.MustParseAddrPort("[::1]:1234"),
-		}
-		setSrc(ep, netip.MustParseAddr("::1"), 5)
-
-		control := make([]byte, stickyControlSize)
-
-		setSrcControl(&control, ep)
-
-		hdr := (*unix.Cmsghdr)(unsafe.Pointer(&control[0]))
-		if hdr.Level != unix.IPPROTO_IPV6 {
-			t.Errorf("unexpected level: %d", hdr.Level)
-		}
-		if hdr.Type != unix.IPV6_PKTINFO {
-			t.Errorf("unexpected type: %d", hdr.Type)
-		}
-		if uint(hdr.Len) != uint(unix.CmsgLen(int(unsafe.Sizeof(unix.Inet6Pktinfo{})))) {
-			t.Errorf("unexpected length: %d", hdr.Len)
-		}
-		info := (*unix.Inet6Pktinfo)(unsafe.Pointer(&control[unix.CmsgLen(0)]))
-		if info.Addr != ep.SrcIP().As16() {
-			t.Errorf("unexpected address: %v", info.Addr)
-		}
-		if info.Ifindex != 5 {
-			t.Errorf("unexpected ifindex: %d", info.Ifindex)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("ClearOnNoSrc", func(t *testing.T) {
-		control := make([]byte, stickyControlSize)
-		hdr := (*unix.Cmsghdr)(unsafe.Pointer(&control[0]))
-		hdr.Level = 1
-		hdr.Type = 2
-		hdr.Len = 3
-
-		setSrcControl(&control, &StdNetEndpoint{})
-
-		if len(control) != 0 {
-			t.Errorf("unexpected control: %v", control)
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func Test_getSrcFromControl(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("IPv4", func(t *testing.T) {
-		control := make([]byte, stickyControlSize)
-		hdr := (*unix.Cmsghdr)(unsafe.Pointer(&control[0]))
-		hdr.Level = unix.IPPROTO_IP
-		hdr.Type = unix.IP_PKTINFO
-		hdr.SetLen(unix.CmsgLen(int(unsafe.Sizeof(unix.Inet4Pktinfo{}))))
-		info := (*unix.Inet4Pktinfo)(unsafe.Pointer(&control[unix.CmsgLen(0)]))
-		info.Spec_dst = [4]byte{127, 0, 0, 1}
-		info.Ifindex = 5
-
-		ep := &StdNetEndpoint{}
-		getSrcFromControl(control, ep)
-
-		if ep.SrcIP() != netip.MustParseAddr("127.0.0.1") {
-			t.Errorf("unexpected address: %v", ep.SrcIP())
-		}
-		if ep.SrcIfidx() != 5 {
-			t.Errorf("unexpected ifindex: %d", ep.SrcIfidx())
-		}
-	})
-	t.Run("IPv6", func(t *testing.T) {
-		control := make([]byte, stickyControlSize)
-		hdr := (*unix.Cmsghdr)(unsafe.Pointer(&control[0]))
-		hdr.Level = unix.IPPROTO_IPV6
-		hdr.Type = unix.IPV6_PKTINFO
-		hdr.SetLen(unix.CmsgLen(int(unsafe.Sizeof(unix.Inet6Pktinfo{}))))
-		info := (*unix.Inet6Pktinfo)(unsafe.Pointer(&control[unix.CmsgLen(0)]))
-		info.Addr = [16]byte{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}
-		info.Ifindex = 5
-
-		ep := &StdNetEndpoint{}
-		getSrcFromControl(control, ep)
-
-		if ep.SrcIP() != netip.MustParseAddr("::1") {
-			t.Errorf("unexpected address: %v", ep.SrcIP())
-		}
-		if ep.SrcIfidx() != 5 {
-			t.Errorf("unexpected ifindex: %d", ep.SrcIfidx())
-		}
-	})
-	t.Run("ClearOnEmpty", func(t *testing.T) {
-		var control []byte
-		ep := &StdNetEndpoint{}
-		setSrc(ep, netip.MustParseAddr("::1"), 5)
-
-		getSrcFromControl(control, ep)
-		if ep.SrcIP().IsValid() {
-			t.Errorf("unexpected address: %v", ep.SrcIP())
-		}
-		if ep.SrcIfidx() != 0 {
-			t.Errorf("unexpected ifindex: %d", ep.SrcIfidx())
-		}
-	})
-	t.Run("Multiple", func(t *testing.T) {
-		zeroControl := make([]byte, unix.CmsgSpace(0))
-		zeroHdr := (*unix.Cmsghdr)(unsafe.Pointer(&zeroControl[0]))
-		zeroHdr.SetLen(unix.CmsgLen(0))
-
-		control := make([]byte, unix.CmsgSpace(unix.SizeofInet4Pktinfo))
-		hdr := (*unix.Cmsghdr)(unsafe.Pointer(&control[0]))
-		hdr.Level = unix.IPPROTO_IP
-		hdr.Type = unix.IP_PKTINFO
-		hdr.SetLen(unix.CmsgLen(int(unsafe.Sizeof(unix.Inet4Pktinfo{}))))
-		info := (*unix.Inet4Pktinfo)(unsafe.Pointer(&control[unix.CmsgLen(0)]))
-		info.Spec_dst = [4]byte{127, 0, 0, 1}
-		info.Ifindex = 5
-
-		combined := make([]byte, 0)
-		combined = append(combined, zeroControl...)
-		combined = append(combined, control...)
-
-		ep := &StdNetEndpoint{}
-		getSrcFromControl(combined, ep)
-
-		if ep.SrcIP() != netip.MustParseAddr("127.0.0.1") {
-			t.Errorf("unexpected address: %v", ep.SrcIP())
-		}
-		if ep.SrcIfidx() != 5 {
-			t.Errorf("unexpected ifindex: %d", ep.SrcIfidx())
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func Test_listenConfig(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("IPv4", func(t *testing.T) {
-		conn, err := listenConfig().ListenPacket(context.Background(), "udp4", ":0")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		defer conn.Close()
-		sc, err := conn.(*net.UDPConn).SyscallConn()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		if runtime.GOOS == "linux" {
-			var i int
-			sc.Control(func(fd uintptr) {
-				i, err = unix.GetsockoptInt(int(fd), unix.IPPROTO_IP, unix.IP_PKTINFO)
-			})
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatal(err)
-			}
-			if i != 1 {
-				t.Error("IP_PKTINFO not set!")
-			}
-		} else {
-			t.Logf("listenConfig() does not set IPV6_RECVPKTINFO on %s", runtime.GOOS)
-		}
-	})
-	t.Run("IPv6", func(t *testing.T) {
-		conn, err := listenConfig().ListenPacket(context.Background(), "udp6", ":0")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		sc, err := conn.(*net.UDPConn).SyscallConn()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		if runtime.GOOS == "linux" {
-			var i int
-			sc.Control(func(fd uintptr) {
-				i, err = unix.GetsockoptInt(int(fd), unix.IPPROTO_IPV6, unix.IPV6_RECVPKTINFO)
-			})
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatal(err)
-			}
-			if i != 1 {
-				t.Error("IPV6_PKTINFO not set!")
-			}
-		} else {
-			t.Logf("listenConfig() does not set IPV6_RECVPKTINFO on %s", runtime.GOOS)
-		}
-	})
-}

conn/winrio/rio_windows.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package winrio

device/allowedips.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device
@@ -55,6 +55,25 @@ func commonBits(ip1, ip2 []byte) uint8 {
 	}
 }
 
+func commonBits4(ip1 []byte, ip2 [4]byte) uint8 {
+	a := binary.BigEndian.Uint32(ip1)
+	b := binary.BigEndian.Uint32(ip2[:])
+	return uint8(bits.LeadingZeros32(a ^ b))
+}
+
+func commonBits6(ip1 []byte, ip2 [16]byte) uint8 {
+	a := binary.BigEndian.Uint64(ip1)
+	b := binary.BigEndian.Uint64(ip2[:])
+	x := a ^ b
+	if x != 0 {
+		return uint8(bits.LeadingZeros64(x))
+	}
+	a = binary.BigEndian.Uint64(ip1[8:])
+	b = binary.BigEndian.Uint64(ip2[8:])
+	x = a ^ b
+	return 64 + uint8(bits.LeadingZeros64(x))
+}
+
 func (node *trieEntry) addToPeerEntries() {
 	node.perPeerElem = node.peer.trieEntries.PushBack(node)
 }
@@ -188,7 +207,37 @@ func (trie parentIndirection) insert(ip []byte, cidr uint8, peer *Peer) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (node *trieEntry) lookup(ip []byte) *Peer {
+func (node *trieEntry) lookup4(ip [4]byte) *Peer {
+	var found *Peer
+	for node != nil && commonBits4(node.bits, ip) >= node.cidr {
+		if node.peer != nil {
+			found = node.peer
+		}
+		if node.bitAtByte == 4 {
+			break
+		}
+		bit := (ip[node.bitAtByte] >> node.bitAtShift) & 1
+		node = node.child[bit]
+	}
+	return found
+}
+
+func (node *trieEntry) lookup6(ip [16]byte) *Peer {
+	var found *Peer
+	for node != nil && commonBits6(node.bits, ip) >= node.cidr {
+		if node.peer != nil {
+			found = node.peer
+		}
+		if node.bitAtByte == 16 {
+			break
+		}
+		bit := (ip[node.bitAtByte] >> node.bitAtShift) & 1
+		node = node.child[bit]
+	}
+	return found
+}
+
+func (node *trieEntry) lookup(ip net.IP) *Peer {
 	var found *Peer
 	size := uint8(len(ip))
 	for node != nil && commonBits(node.bits, ip) >= node.cidr {
@@ -205,14 +254,17 @@ func (node *trieEntry) lookup(ip []byte) *Peer {
 }
 
 type AllowedIPs struct {
-	IPv4  *trieEntry
-	IPv6  *trieEntry
-	mutex sync.RWMutex
+	mu   sync.RWMutex
+	ipv4 *trieEntry
+	ipv6 *trieEntry
+
+	peerByIPPacketFunc PeerByIPPacketFunc // if non-nil, called to look up peers by IP
+	device             *Device            // back-reference to parent device; non-nil only if peerByIPPacketFunc is set
 }
 
 func (table *AllowedIPs) EntriesForPeer(peer *Peer, cb func(prefix netip.Prefix) bool) {
-	table.mutex.RLock()
-	defer table.mutex.RUnlock()
+	table.mu.RLock()
+	defer table.mu.RUnlock()
 
 	for elem := peer.trieEntries.Front(); elem != nil; elem = elem.Next() {
 		node := elem.Value.(*trieEntry)
@@ -223,19 +275,11 @@ func (table *AllowedIPs) EntriesForPeer(peer *Peer, cb func(prefix netip.Prefix)
 	}
 }
 
-func (table *AllowedIPs) RemoveByPeer(peer *Peer) {
-	table.mutex.Lock()
-	defer table.mutex.Unlock()
-
-	var next *list.Element
-	for elem := peer.trieEntries.Front(); elem != nil; elem = next {
-		next = elem.Next()
-		node := elem.Value.(*trieEntry)
-
+func (node *trieEntry) remove() {
 	node.removeFromPeerEntries()
 	node.peer = nil
 	if node.child[0] != nil && node.child[1] != nil {
-			continue
+		return
 	}
 	bit := 0
 	if node.child[0] == nil {
@@ -248,12 +292,12 @@ func (table *AllowedIPs) RemoveByPeer(peer *Peer) {
 	*node.parent.parentBit = child
 	if node.child[0] != nil || node.child[1] != nil || node.parent.parentBitType > 1 {
 		node.zeroizePointers()
-			continue
+		return
 	}
 	parent := (*trieEntry)(unsafe.Pointer(uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(node.parent.parentBit)) - unsafe.Offsetof(node.child) - unsafe.Sizeof(node.child[0])*uintptr(node.parent.parentBitType)))
 	if parent.peer != nil {
 		node.zeroizePointers()
-			continue
+		return
 	}
 	child = parent.child[node.parent.parentBitType^1]
 	if child != nil {
@@ -263,32 +307,184 @@ func (table *AllowedIPs) RemoveByPeer(peer *Peer) {
 	node.zeroizePointers()
 	parent.zeroizePointers()
 }
-}
 
-func (table *AllowedIPs) Insert(prefix netip.Prefix, peer *Peer) {
-	table.mutex.Lock()
-	defer table.mutex.Unlock()
+func (table *AllowedIPs) Remove(prefix netip.Prefix, peer *Peer) {
+	table.mu.Lock()
+	defer table.mu.Unlock()
+	var node *trieEntry
+	var exact bool
 
 	if prefix.Addr().Is6() {
 		ip := prefix.Addr().As16()
-		parentIndirection{&table.IPv6, 2}.insert(ip[:], uint8(prefix.Bits()), peer)
+		node, exact = table.ipv6.nodePlacement(ip[:], uint8(prefix.Bits()))
 	} else if prefix.Addr().Is4() {
 		ip := prefix.Addr().As4()
-		parentIndirection{&table.IPv4, 2}.insert(ip[:], uint8(prefix.Bits()), peer)
+		node, exact = table.ipv4.nodePlacement(ip[:], uint8(prefix.Bits()))
+	} else {
+		panic(errors.New("removing unknown address type"))
+	}
+	if !exact || node == nil || peer != node.peer {
+		return
+	}
+	node.remove()
+}
+
+// setPeerPrefixes atomically removes all of peer's existing prefixes and adds
+// the provided ones.
+func (table *AllowedIPs) setPeerPrefixes(peer *Peer, prefixes []netip.Prefix) {
+	table.mu.Lock()
+	defer table.mu.Unlock()
+
+	table.removeByPeerLocked(peer)
+	for _, prefix := range prefixes {
+		table.insertLocked(prefix, peer)
+	}
+}
+
+func (table *AllowedIPs) RemoveByPeer(peer *Peer) {
+	table.mu.Lock()
+	defer table.mu.Unlock()
+	table.removeByPeerLocked(peer)
+}
+
+func (table *AllowedIPs) removeByPeerLocked(peer *Peer) {
+	var next *list.Element
+	for elem := peer.trieEntries.Front(); elem != nil; elem = next {
+		next = elem.Next()
+		elem.Value.(*trieEntry).remove()
+	}
+}
+
+func (table *AllowedIPs) Insert(prefix netip.Prefix, peer *Peer) {
+	table.mu.Lock()
+	defer table.mu.Unlock()
+	table.insertLocked(prefix, peer)
+}
+
+func (table *AllowedIPs) insertLocked(prefix netip.Prefix, peer *Peer) {
+	if prefix.Addr().Is6() {
+		ip := prefix.Addr().As16()
+		parentIndirection{&table.ipv6, 2}.insert(ip[:], uint8(prefix.Bits()), peer)
+	} else if prefix.Addr().Is4() {
+		ip := prefix.Addr().As4()
+		parentIndirection{&table.ipv4, 2}.insert(ip[:], uint8(prefix.Bits()), peer)
 	} else {
 		panic(errors.New("inserting unknown address type"))
 	}
 }
 
-func (table *AllowedIPs) Lookup(ip []byte) *Peer {
-	table.mutex.RLock()
-	defer table.mutex.RUnlock()
-	switch len(ip) {
-	case net.IPv6len:
-		return table.IPv6.lookup(ip)
-	case net.IPv4len:
-		return table.IPv4.lookup(ip)
+// LookupFromPacket looks up the peer to which an outbound IP packet should be
+// sent. It lives on [AllowedIPs] for legacy/structural reasons: historically
+// WireGuard's only peer-selection mechanism was the AllowedIPs trie, and the
+// send path already had a reference to the table. When a [PeerByIPPacketFunc]
+// has been registered via [Device.SetPeerByIPPacketFunc], that callback is used
+// instead of the trie and the AllowedIPs table is not consulted at all.
+//
+// When no callback is registered, only dst is used (standard WireGuard
+// AllowedIPs trie lookup). When a callback is registered, all three
+// parameters are forwarded to it; see [PeerByIPPacketFunc] for details.
+func (table *AllowedIPs) LookupFromPacket(src, dst netip.Addr, ipPkt []byte) *Peer {
+	table.mu.RLock()
+	if f := table.peerByIPPacketFunc; f != nil {
+		device := table.device
+		table.mu.RUnlock()
+
+		if pubk, ok := f(src, dst, ipPkt); ok {
+			return device.LookupPeer(pubk)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	defer table.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	switch {
+	case dst.Is6():
+		return table.ipv6.lookup6(dst.As16())
+	case dst.Is4():
+		return table.ipv4.lookup4(dst.As4())
 	default:
 		panic(errors.New("looking up unknown address type"))
 	}
 }
+
+// Deprecated: Lookup is only used by legacy tests. It does not call
+// [PeerByIPPacketFunc]; use [AllowedIPs.LookupFromPacket] for production lookups.
+func (table *AllowedIPs) Lookup(ip []byte) *Peer {
+	table.mu.RLock()
+	defer table.mu.RUnlock()
+	return table.lookupLocked(ip)
+}
+
+// lookupLocked looks up the peer associated with the given IP address.
+// It assumes the caller holds the read lock (or doesn't hold it, but also
+// doesn't concurrently mutate AllowedIP).
+//
+// It returns nil if no peer is associated with the given IP address.
+func (table *AllowedIPs) lookupLocked(ip []byte) *Peer {
+	switch len(ip) {
+	case net.IPv6len:
+		return table.ipv6.lookup(ip)
+	case net.IPv4len:
+		return table.ipv4.lookup(ip)
+	default:
+		panic(errors.New("looking up unknown address type"))
+	}
+}
+
+// AllowedPeerSourceIP reports whether the given source IP address is allowed
+// for the given peer.
+func (peer *Peer) AllowedPeerSourceIP(src netip.Addr) bool {
+	if f := peer.state.testAllowedIP.Load(); f != nil {
+		return (*f)(src)
+	}
+
+	table := &peer.device.allowedips
+	table.mu.RLock()
+	defer table.mu.RUnlock()
+	switch {
+	case src.Is6():
+		return table.ipv6.lookup6(src.As16()) == peer
+	case src.Is4():
+		return table.ipv4.lookup4(src.As4()) == peer
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// fakePeer is a zero Peer used only as a placeholder in tries used by mkIPInCIDRsTestFunc.
+var fakePeer Peer
+
+// mkIPInCIDRsTestFunc returns a function that tests whether an IP address is
+// contained in any of the given CIDRs.
+func mkIPInCIDRsTestFunc(cidrs []netip.Prefix) func(netip.Addr) bool {
+	if len(cidrs) == 0 {
+		return func(netip.Addr) bool { return false }
+	}
+	if len(cidrs) == 1 {
+		return func(addr netip.Addr) bool { return cidrs[0].Contains(addr) }
+	}
+	if len(cidrs) <= 4 {
+		// For small numbers of CIDRs, just do a linear search. The trie construction
+		// is more expensive than the linear search, and the test function is faster
+		// than the trie lookup, so this is a net win.
+		return func(addr netip.Addr) bool {
+			for _, c := range cidrs {
+				if c.Contains(addr) {
+					return true
+				}
+			}
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	// Make a trie for faster lookups. We use a dummy Peer.
+	var a AllowedIPs
+	for _, c := range cidrs {
+		a.Insert(c, &fakePeer)
+	}
+	return func(addr netip.Addr) bool {
+		switch {
+		case addr.Is4():
+			return a.ipv4.lookup4(addr.As4()) == &fakePeer
+		default:
+			return a.ipv6.lookup6(addr.As16()) == &fakePeer
+		}
+	}
+}

device/allowedips_rand_test.go

@@ -1,141 +0,0 @@
-/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
- */
-
-package device
-
-import (
-	"math/rand"
-	"net"
-	"net/netip"
-	"sort"
-	"testing"
-)
-
-const (
-	NumberOfPeers        = 100
-	NumberOfPeerRemovals = 4
-	NumberOfAddresses    = 250
-	NumberOfTests        = 10000
-)
-
-type SlowNode struct {
-	peer *Peer
-	cidr uint8
-	bits []byte
-}
-
-type SlowRouter []*SlowNode
-
-func (r SlowRouter) Len() int {
-	return len(r)
-}
-
-func (r SlowRouter) Less(i, j int) bool {
-	return r[i].cidr > r[j].cidr
-}
-
-func (r SlowRouter) Swap(i, j int) {
-	r[i], r[j] = r[j], r[i]
-}
-
-func (r SlowRouter) Insert(addr []byte, cidr uint8, peer *Peer) SlowRouter {
-	for _, t := range r {
-		if t.cidr == cidr && commonBits(t.bits, addr) >= cidr {
-			t.peer = peer
-			t.bits = addr
-			return r
-		}
-	}
-	r = append(r, &SlowNode{
-		cidr: cidr,
-		bits: addr,
-		peer: peer,
-	})
-	sort.Sort(r)
-	return r
-}
-
-func (r SlowRouter) Lookup(addr []byte) *Peer {
-	for _, t := range r {
-		common := commonBits(t.bits, addr)
-		if common >= t.cidr {
-			return t.peer
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (r SlowRouter) RemoveByPeer(peer *Peer) SlowRouter {
-	n := 0
-	for _, x := range r {
-		if x.peer != peer {
-			r[n] = x
-			n++
-		}
-	}
-	return r[:n]
-}
-
-func TestTrieRandom(t *testing.T) {
-	var slow4, slow6 SlowRouter
-	var peers []*Peer
-	var allowedIPs AllowedIPs
-
-	rand.Seed(1)
-
-	for n := 0; n < NumberOfPeers; n++ {
-		peers = append(peers, &Peer{})
-	}
-
-	for n := 0; n < NumberOfAddresses; n++ {
-		var addr4 [4]byte
-		rand.Read(addr4[:])
-		cidr := uint8(rand.Intn(32) + 1)
-		index := rand.Intn(NumberOfPeers)
-		allowedIPs.Insert(netip.PrefixFrom(netip.AddrFrom4(addr4), int(cidr)), peers[index])
-		slow4 = slow4.Insert(addr4[:], cidr, peers[index])
-
-		var addr6 [16]byte
-		rand.Read(addr6[:])
-		cidr = uint8(rand.Intn(128) + 1)
-		index = rand.Intn(NumberOfPeers)
-		allowedIPs.Insert(netip.PrefixFrom(netip.AddrFrom16(addr6), int(cidr)), peers[index])
-		slow6 = slow6.Insert(addr6[:], cidr, peers[index])
-	}
-
-	var p int
-	for p = 0; ; p++ {
-		for n := 0; n < NumberOfTests; n++ {
-			var addr4 [4]byte
-			rand.Read(addr4[:])
-			peer1 := slow4.Lookup(addr4[:])
-			peer2 := allowedIPs.Lookup(addr4[:])
-			if peer1 != peer2 {
-				t.Errorf("Trie did not match naive implementation, for %v: want %p, got %p", net.IP(addr4[:]), peer1, peer2)
-			}
-
-			var addr6 [16]byte
-			rand.Read(addr6[:])
-			peer1 = slow6.Lookup(addr6[:])
-			peer2 = allowedIPs.Lookup(addr6[:])
-			if peer1 != peer2 {
-				t.Errorf("Trie did not match naive implementation, for %v: want %p, got %p", net.IP(addr6[:]), peer1, peer2)
-			}
-		}
-		if p >= len(peers) || p >= NumberOfPeerRemovals {
-			break
-		}
-		allowedIPs.RemoveByPeer(peers[p])
-		slow4 = slow4.RemoveByPeer(peers[p])
-		slow6 = slow6.RemoveByPeer(peers[p])
-	}
-	for ; p < len(peers); p++ {
-		allowedIPs.RemoveByPeer(peers[p])
-	}
-
-	if allowedIPs.IPv4 != nil || allowedIPs.IPv6 != nil {
-		t.Error("Failed to remove all nodes from trie by peer")
-	}
-}

device/allowedips_test.go

@@ -1,247 +0,0 @@
-/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
- */
-
-package device
-
-import (
-	"math/rand"
-	"net"
-	"net/netip"
-	"testing"
-)
-
-type testPairCommonBits struct {
-	s1    []byte
-	s2    []byte
-	match uint8
-}
-
-func TestCommonBits(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []testPairCommonBits{
-		{s1: []byte{1, 4, 53, 128}, s2: []byte{0, 0, 0, 0}, match: 7},
-		{s1: []byte{0, 4, 53, 128}, s2: []byte{0, 0, 0, 0}, match: 13},
-		{s1: []byte{0, 4, 53, 253}, s2: []byte{0, 4, 53, 252}, match: 31},
-		{s1: []byte{192, 168, 1, 1}, s2: []byte{192, 169, 1, 1}, match: 15},
-		{s1: []byte{65, 168, 1, 1}, s2: []byte{192, 169, 1, 1}, match: 0},
-	}
-
-	for _, p := range tests {
-		v := commonBits(p.s1, p.s2)
-		if v != p.match {
-			t.Error(
-				"For slice", p.s1, p.s2,
-				"expected match", p.match,
-				",but got", v,
-			)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func benchmarkTrie(peerNumber, addressNumber, addressLength int, b *testing.B) {
-	var trie *trieEntry
-	var peers []*Peer
-	root := parentIndirection{&trie, 2}
-
-	rand.Seed(1)
-
-	const AddressLength = 4
-
-	for n := 0; n < peerNumber; n++ {
-		peers = append(peers, &Peer{})
-	}
-
-	for n := 0; n < addressNumber; n++ {
-		var addr [AddressLength]byte
-		rand.Read(addr[:])
-		cidr := uint8(rand.Uint32() % (AddressLength * 8))
-		index := rand.Int() % peerNumber
-		root.insert(addr[:], cidr, peers[index])
-	}
-
-	for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {
-		var addr [AddressLength]byte
-		rand.Read(addr[:])
-		trie.lookup(addr[:])
-	}
-}
-
-func BenchmarkTrieIPv4Peers100Addresses1000(b *testing.B) {
-	benchmarkTrie(100, 1000, net.IPv4len, b)
-}
-
-func BenchmarkTrieIPv4Peers10Addresses10(b *testing.B) {
-	benchmarkTrie(10, 10, net.IPv4len, b)
-}
-
-func BenchmarkTrieIPv6Peers100Addresses1000(b *testing.B) {
-	benchmarkTrie(100, 1000, net.IPv6len, b)
-}
-
-func BenchmarkTrieIPv6Peers10Addresses10(b *testing.B) {
-	benchmarkTrie(10, 10, net.IPv6len, b)
-}
-
-/* Test ported from kernel implementation:
- * selftest/allowedips.h
- */
-func TestTrieIPv4(t *testing.T) {
-	a := &Peer{}
-	b := &Peer{}
-	c := &Peer{}
-	d := &Peer{}
-	e := &Peer{}
-	g := &Peer{}
-	h := &Peer{}
-
-	var allowedIPs AllowedIPs
-
-	insert := func(peer *Peer, a, b, c, d byte, cidr uint8) {
-		allowedIPs.Insert(netip.PrefixFrom(netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{a, b, c, d}), int(cidr)), peer)
-	}
-
-	assertEQ := func(peer *Peer, a, b, c, d byte) {
-		p := allowedIPs.Lookup([]byte{a, b, c, d})
-		if p != peer {
-			t.Error("Assert EQ failed")
-		}
-	}
-
-	assertNEQ := func(peer *Peer, a, b, c, d byte) {
-		p := allowedIPs.Lookup([]byte{a, b, c, d})
-		if p == peer {
-			t.Error("Assert NEQ failed")
-		}
-	}
-
-	insert(a, 192, 168, 4, 0, 24)
-	insert(b, 192, 168, 4, 4, 32)
-	insert(c, 192, 168, 0, 0, 16)
-	insert(d, 192, 95, 5, 64, 27)
-	insert(c, 192, 95, 5, 65, 27)
-	insert(e, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
-	insert(g, 64, 15, 112, 0, 20)
-	insert(h, 64, 15, 123, 211, 25)
-	insert(a, 10, 0, 0, 0, 25)
-	insert(b, 10, 0, 0, 128, 25)
-	insert(a, 10, 1, 0, 0, 30)
-	insert(b, 10, 1, 0, 4, 30)
-	insert(c, 10, 1, 0, 8, 29)
-	insert(d, 10, 1, 0, 16, 29)
-
-	assertEQ(a, 192, 168, 4, 20)
-	assertEQ(a, 192, 168, 4, 0)
-	assertEQ(b, 192, 168, 4, 4)
-	assertEQ(c, 192, 168, 200, 182)
-	assertEQ(c, 192, 95, 5, 68)
-	assertEQ(e, 192, 95, 5, 96)
-	assertEQ(g, 64, 15, 116, 26)
-	assertEQ(g, 64, 15, 127, 3)
-
-	insert(a, 1, 0, 0, 0, 32)
-	insert(a, 64, 0, 0, 0, 32)
-	insert(a, 128, 0, 0, 0, 32)
-	insert(a, 192, 0, 0, 0, 32)
-	insert(a, 255, 0, 0, 0, 32)
-
-	assertEQ(a, 1, 0, 0, 0)
-	assertEQ(a, 64, 0, 0, 0)
-	assertEQ(a, 128, 0, 0, 0)
-	assertEQ(a, 192, 0, 0, 0)
-	assertEQ(a, 255, 0, 0, 0)
-
-	allowedIPs.RemoveByPeer(a)
-
-	assertNEQ(a, 1, 0, 0, 0)
-	assertNEQ(a, 64, 0, 0, 0)
-	assertNEQ(a, 128, 0, 0, 0)
-	assertNEQ(a, 192, 0, 0, 0)
-	assertNEQ(a, 255, 0, 0, 0)
-
-	allowedIPs.RemoveByPeer(a)
-	allowedIPs.RemoveByPeer(b)
-	allowedIPs.RemoveByPeer(c)
-	allowedIPs.RemoveByPeer(d)
-	allowedIPs.RemoveByPeer(e)
-	allowedIPs.RemoveByPeer(g)
-	allowedIPs.RemoveByPeer(h)
-	if allowedIPs.IPv4 != nil || allowedIPs.IPv6 != nil {
-		t.Error("Expected removing all the peers to empty trie, but it did not")
-	}
-
-	insert(a, 192, 168, 0, 0, 16)
-	insert(a, 192, 168, 0, 0, 24)
-
-	allowedIPs.RemoveByPeer(a)
-
-	assertNEQ(a, 192, 168, 0, 1)
-}
-
-/* Test ported from kernel implementation:
- * selftest/allowedips.h
- */
-func TestTrieIPv6(t *testing.T) {
-	a := &Peer{}
-	b := &Peer{}
-	c := &Peer{}
-	d := &Peer{}
-	e := &Peer{}
-	f := &Peer{}
-	g := &Peer{}
-	h := &Peer{}
-
-	var allowedIPs AllowedIPs
-
-	expand := func(a uint32) []byte {
-		var out [4]byte
-		out[0] = byte(a >> 24 & 0xff)
-		out[1] = byte(a >> 16 & 0xff)
-		out[2] = byte(a >> 8 & 0xff)
-		out[3] = byte(a & 0xff)
-		return out[:]
-	}
-
-	insert := func(peer *Peer, a, b, c, d uint32, cidr uint8) {
-		var addr []byte
-		addr = append(addr, expand(a)...)
-		addr = append(addr, expand(b)...)
-		addr = append(addr, expand(c)...)
-		addr = append(addr, expand(d)...)
-		allowedIPs.Insert(netip.PrefixFrom(netip.AddrFrom16(*(*[16]byte)(addr)), int(cidr)), peer)
-	}
-
-	assertEQ := func(peer *Peer, a, b, c, d uint32) {
-		var addr []byte
-		addr = append(addr, expand(a)...)
-		addr = append(addr, expand(b)...)
-		addr = append(addr, expand(c)...)
-		addr = append(addr, expand(d)...)
-		p := allowedIPs.Lookup(addr)
-		if p != peer {
-			t.Error("Assert EQ failed")
-		}
-	}
-
-	insert(d, 0x26075300, 0x60006b00, 0, 0xc05f0543, 128)
-	insert(c, 0x26075300, 0x60006b00, 0, 0, 64)
-	insert(e, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
-	insert(f, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
-	insert(g, 0x24046800, 0, 0, 0, 32)
-	insert(h, 0x24046800, 0x40040800, 0xdeadbeef, 0xdeadbeef, 64)
-	insert(a, 0x24046800, 0x40040800, 0xdeadbeef, 0xdeadbeef, 128)
-	insert(c, 0x24446800, 0x40e40800, 0xdeaebeef, 0xdefbeef, 128)
-	insert(b, 0x24446800, 0xf0e40800, 0xeeaebeef, 0, 98)
-
-	assertEQ(d, 0x26075300, 0x60006b00, 0, 0xc05f0543)
-	assertEQ(c, 0x26075300, 0x60006b00, 0, 0xc02e01ee)
-	assertEQ(f, 0x26075300, 0x60006b01, 0, 0)
-	assertEQ(g, 0x24046800, 0x40040806, 0, 0x1006)
-	assertEQ(g, 0x24046800, 0x40040806, 0x1234, 0x5678)
-	assertEQ(f, 0x240467ff, 0x40040806, 0x1234, 0x5678)
-	assertEQ(f, 0x24046801, 0x40040806, 0x1234, 0x5678)
-	assertEQ(h, 0x24046800, 0x40040800, 0x1234, 0x5678)
-	assertEQ(h, 0x24046800, 0x40040800, 0, 0)
-	assertEQ(h, 0x24046800, 0x40040800, 0x10101010, 0x10101010)
-	assertEQ(a, 0x24046800, 0x40040800, 0xdeadbeef, 0xdeadbeef)
-}

device/awg_stdnetbind_reserved_lx_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ *
+ * lx: e2e regression for the reserved-clear vs AWG magic-header collision,
+ * exercised over the StdNetBind path (no detour) with real loopback UDP.
+ *
+ * Bug model. On receive, StdNetBind.receiveIP unconditionally zeroed bytes
+ * 1-3 of every datagram >3 bytes (the Cloudflare WARP "reserved" field).
+ * AmneziaWG reads its magic header as LittleEndian.Uint32(packet[padding:]),
+ * where padding is s1/s2 (handshake) or s4 (transport). With small padding
+ * (0..3) the 4-byte magic overlaps bytes 1-3, so the unconditional clear
+ * corrupts it: the value falls outside the ranged h1-h4 window, the packet is
+ * classified MessageUnknownType and dropped. WARP was never configured on
+ * these binds (no SetReservedForEndpoint), so the clear was pure collateral.
+ *
+ * The fix gates the clear behind StdNetBind.hasReserved(): bytes 1-3 are only
+ * zeroed when a non-zero reserved value is actually set for some endpoint.
+ * With no reserved value the magic survives and the handshake completes.
+ *
+ * This test provokes the worst case: padding = 0 (no s1/s2/s4 at all), so the
+ * h1 initiation magic sits in bytes [0..3] and its high bytes (1-3) are the
+ * ones the clear would destroy. The h1-h4 ranges are chosen entirely above
+ * 0x10000000, so after zeroing bytes 1-3 the surviving value is <= 255 and can
+ * never land back inside any range -> guaranteed drop on the buggy tree.
+ *
+ * GREEN on the fixed tree. To see RED, temporarily restore the unconditional
+ * clear in conn/bind_std.go receiveIP:
+ *     if msg.N > 3 {
+ *         common.ClearArray(bufs[i][1:4])
+ *     }
+ * and the handshake times out (init magic zeroed in bytes 1-3).
+ */
+
+package device
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/wireguard-go/conn"
+)
+
+// magic header ranges kept entirely above 0x10000000 (268435456). Any value
+// the sender picks therefore has a non-zero byte among positions 1-3; zeroing
+// those bytes collapses the value to <= 0xFF, which is below every range start,
+// so a corrupted magic can never validate. Distinct windows per message type.
+const (
+	lxH1Lo, lxH1Hi = 268500000, 268600000 // init
+	lxH2Lo, lxH2Hi = 300000000, 300100000 // response
+	lxH3Lo, lxH3Hi = 400000000, 400100000 // cookie
+	lxH4Lo, lxH4Hi = 500000000, 500100000 // transport
+)
+
+// lxReadListenPort parses listen_port=<n> out of a device's IpcGet dump.
+func lxReadListenPort(t *testing.T, dev *Device) uint16 {
+	t.Helper()
+	dump, err := dev.IpcGet()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("IpcGet: %v", err)
+	}
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(strings.NewReader(dump))
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		line := scanner.Text()
+		if v, ok := strings.CutPrefix(line, "listen_port="); ok {
+			p, err := strconv.Atoi(v)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("parse listen_port %q: %v", v, err)
+			}
+			return uint16(p)
+		}
+	}
+	t.Fatalf("listen_port not found in dump:\n%s", dump)
+	return 0
+}
+
+// newStdNetPaddedPair builds two Up()'d Devices peered over real loopback UDP
+// (NewStdNetBind), configured with ranged h1-h4 + junk and *no* s1/s2/s4
+// (padding = 0). Endpoints are wired after Up, once the ephemeral ports are
+// known. No reserved value is ever set, so hasReserved() is false.
+func newStdNetPaddedPair(t *testing.T) (devA, devB *Device, tunA, tunB *chanTun) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	skA, err := newPrivateKey()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("newPrivateKey A: %v", err)
+	}
+	skB, err := newPrivateKey()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("newPrivateKey B: %v", err)
+	}
+	pkA := skA.publicKey()
+	pkB := skB.publicKey()
+
+	tunA = newChanTun()
+	tunB = newChanTun()
+
+	devA = NewDevice(context.Background(), tunA, conn.NewStdNetBind(nil), NewLogger(LogLevelError, "devA: "), 1)
+	devB = NewDevice(context.Background(), tunB, conn.NewStdNetBind(nil), NewLogger(LogLevelError, "devB: "), 1)
+	t.Cleanup(devA.Close)
+	t.Cleanup(devB.Close)
+
+	// obfuscation shared by both ends. Ranged magic headers, junk packets,
+	// and deliberately no s1/s2/s4 so padding stays 0 for every message type.
+	obf := fmt.Sprintf(
+		"jc=3\njmin=8\njmax=16\n"+
+			"h1=%d-%d\nh2=%d-%d\nh3=%d-%d\nh4=%d-%d\n",
+		lxH1Lo, lxH1Hi, lxH2Lo, lxH2Hi, lxH3Lo, lxH3Hi, lxH4Lo, lxH4Hi)
+
+	// Bring both up on an ephemeral port (listen_port=0), no endpoint yet.
+	cfgA := fmt.Sprintf("private_key=%s\nlisten_port=0\n%sreplace_peers=true\npublic_key=%s\nallowed_ip=%s/32\n",
+		hex.EncodeToString(skA[:]), obf, hex.EncodeToString(pkB[:]), testIPB)
+	cfgB := fmt.Sprintf("private_key=%s\nlisten_port=0\n%sreplace_peers=true\npublic_key=%s\nallowed_ip=%s/32\n",
+		hex.EncodeToString(skB[:]), obf, hex.EncodeToString(pkA[:]), testIPA)
+
+	if err := devA.IpcSet(cfgA); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("IpcSet A: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := devB.IpcSet(cfgB); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("IpcSet B: %v", err)
+	}
+	if devA.paddings.init != 0 || devA.paddings.response != 0 || devA.paddings.transport != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("padding must be 0 for this test: init=%d resp=%d transport=%d",
+			devA.paddings.init, devA.paddings.response, devA.paddings.transport)
+	}
+
+	if err := devA.Up(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Up A: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := devB.Up(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Up B: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	portA := lxReadListenPort(t, devA)
+	portB := lxReadListenPort(t, devB)
+	if portA == 0 || portB == 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("ephemeral ports not assigned: A=%d B=%d", portA, portB)
+	}
+
+	// Now that ports are known, point each peer at the other over loopback.
+	if err := devA.IpcSet(fmt.Sprintf("public_key=%s\nupdate_only=true\nendpoint=127.0.0.1:%d\n",
+		hex.EncodeToString(pkB[:]), portB)); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("set endpoint A->B: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := devB.IpcSet(fmt.Sprintf("public_key=%s\nupdate_only=true\nendpoint=127.0.0.1:%d\n",
+		hex.EncodeToString(pkA[:]), portA)); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("set endpoint B->A: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	return devA, devB, tunA, tunB
+}
+
+// TestStdNetBindReservedClearVsMagic_ZeroPadding drives a real handshake and a
+// data packet A->B over loopback UDP through StdNetBind, with padding=0 so the
+// h1 magic overlaps the reserved bytes 1-3. It passes only when receive does
+// not blindly clear those bytes (the fix).
+func TestStdNetBindReservedClearVsMagic_ZeroPadding(t *testing.T) {
+	devA, _, tunA, tunB := newStdNetPaddedPair(t)
+	_ = devA
+
+	pkt := buildIPv4Packet(testIPA, testIPB, 8)
+
+	// Re-inject periodically: the first packet triggers the handshake and may
+	// be dropped until keys are established.
+	send := func() { tunA.toDevice <- pkt }
+	send()
+
+	deadline := time.After(15 * time.Second)
+	retry := time.NewTicker(500 * time.Millisecond)
+	defer retry.Stop()
+	for {
+		select {
+		case got := <-tunB.fromDevice:
+			if bytes.Equal(got, pkt) {
+				return // delivered end to end: magic survived, handshake ok
+			}
+			t.Logf("ignoring unexpected packet len=%d", len(got))
+		case <-retry.C:
+			send()
+		case <-deadline:
+			t.Fatal("timed out waiting for packet on peer tun " +
+				"(handshake never completed: reserved-clear likely corrupted the h1 magic)")
+		}
+	}
+}

device/bind_test.go

@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
- */
-
-package device
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-
-	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/conn"
-)
-
-type DummyDatagram struct {
-	msg      []byte
-	endpoint conn.Endpoint
-}
-
-type DummyBind struct {
-	in6    chan DummyDatagram
-	in4    chan DummyDatagram
-	closed bool
-}
-
-func (b *DummyBind) SetMark(v uint32) error {
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (b *DummyBind) ReceiveIPv6(buf []byte) (int, conn.Endpoint, error) {
-	datagram, ok := <-b.in6
-	if !ok {
-		return 0, nil, errors.New("closed")
-	}
-	copy(buf, datagram.msg)
-	return len(datagram.msg), datagram.endpoint, nil
-}
-
-func (b *DummyBind) ReceiveIPv4(buf []byte) (int, conn.Endpoint, error) {
-	datagram, ok := <-b.in4
-	if !ok {
-		return 0, nil, errors.New("closed")
-	}
-	copy(buf, datagram.msg)
-	return len(datagram.msg), datagram.endpoint, nil
-}
-
-func (b *DummyBind) Close() error {
-	close(b.in6)
-	close(b.in4)
-	b.closed = true
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (b *DummyBind) Send(buf []byte, end conn.Endpoint) error {
-	return nil
-}

device/channels.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device
@@ -83,15 +83,21 @@ func newAutodrainingInboundQueue(device *Device) *autodrainingInboundQueue {
 	q := &autodrainingInboundQueue{
 		c: make(chan *QueueInboundElementsContainer, QueueInboundSize),
 	}
-	runtime.SetFinalizer(q, device.flushInboundQueue)
+	if device.needsInboundQueueFinalizer() {
+		runtime.AddCleanup(q, device.flushInboundQueue, q.c)
+	}
 	return q
 }
 
-func (device *Device) flushInboundQueue(q *autodrainingInboundQueue) {
+func (device *Device) needsInboundQueueFinalizer() bool {
+	return device.pool.messageBuffers.hasAccounting()
+}
+
+func (device *Device) flushInboundQueue(c <-chan *QueueInboundElementsContainer) {
 	for {
 		select {
-		case elemsContainer := <-q.c:
-			elemsContainer.Lock()
+		case elemsContainer := <-c:
+			elemsContainer.filling.Wait()
 			for _, elem := range elemsContainer.elems {
 				device.PutMessageBuffer(elem.buffer)
 				device.PutInboundElement(elem)
@@ -116,17 +122,23 @@ func newAutodrainingOutboundQueue(device *Device) *autodrainingOutboundQueue {
 	q := &autodrainingOutboundQueue{
 		c: make(chan *QueueOutboundElementsContainer, QueueOutboundSize),
 	}
-	runtime.SetFinalizer(q, device.flushOutboundQueue)
+	if device.needsOutboundQueueFinalizer() {
+		runtime.AddCleanup(q, device.flushOutboundQueue, q.c)
+	}
 	return q
 }
 
-func (device *Device) flushOutboundQueue(q *autodrainingOutboundQueue) {
+func (device *Device) needsOutboundQueueFinalizer() bool {
+	return device.pool.messageBuffers.hasAccounting()
+}
+
+func (device *Device) flushOutboundQueue(c <-chan *QueueOutboundElementsContainer) {
 	for {
 		select {
-		case elemsContainer := <-q.c:
-			elemsContainer.Lock()
+		case elemsContainer := <-c:
+			elemsContainer.filling.Wait()
 			for _, elem := range elemsContainer.elems {
-				device.PutMessageBuffer(elem.buffer)
+				device.PutOutboundBuffer(elem.buffer)
 				device.PutOutboundElement(elem)
 			}
 			device.PutOutboundElementsContainer(elemsContainer)

device/constants.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ const (
 const (
 	MinMessageSize = MessageKeepaliveSize                                                      // minimum size of transport message (keepalive)
 	MaxMessageSize = MaxSegmentSize                                                            // maximum size of transport message
-	MaxContentSize = MaxSegmentSize - MessageTransportSize // maximum size of transport message content
+	MaxContentSize = MaxSegmentSize - MessageTransportSize - MessageEncapsulatingTransportSize // maximum size of transport message content
 )
 
 /* Implementation constants */

device/cookie.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device
@@ -118,6 +118,7 @@ func (st *CookieChecker) CreateReply(
 	msg []byte,
 	recv uint32,
 	src []byte,
+	msgType uint32,
 ) (*MessageCookieReply, error) {
 	st.RLock()
 
@@ -153,7 +154,7 @@ func (st *CookieChecker) CreateReply(
 	smac1 := smac2 - blake2s.Size128
 
 	reply := new(MessageCookieReply)
-	reply.Type = MessageCookieReplyType
+	reply.Type = msgType
 	reply.Receiver = recv
 
 	_, err := rand.Read(reply.Nonce[:])

device/cookie_test.go

@@ -1,190 +0,0 @@
-/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
- */
-
-package device
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-)
-
-func TestCookieMAC1(t *testing.T) {
-	// setup generator / checker
-
-	var (
-		generator CookieGenerator
-		checker   CookieChecker
-	)
-
-	sk, err := newPrivateKey()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	pk := sk.publicKey()
-
-	generator.Init(pk)
-	checker.Init(pk)
-
-	// check mac1
-
-	src := []byte{192, 168, 13, 37, 10, 10, 10}
-
-	checkMAC1 := func(msg []byte) {
-		generator.AddMacs(msg)
-		if !checker.CheckMAC1(msg) {
-			t.Fatal("MAC1 generation/verification failed")
-		}
-		if checker.CheckMAC2(msg, src) {
-			t.Fatal("MAC2 generation/verification failed")
-		}
-	}
-
-	checkMAC1([]byte{
-		0x99, 0xbb, 0xa5, 0xfc, 0x99, 0xaa, 0x83, 0xbd,
-		0x7b, 0x00, 0xc5, 0x9a, 0x4c, 0xb9, 0xcf, 0x62,
-		0x40, 0x23, 0xf3, 0x8e, 0xd8, 0xd0, 0x62, 0x64,
-		0x5d, 0xb2, 0x80, 0x13, 0xda, 0xce, 0xc6, 0x91,
-		0x61, 0xd6, 0x30, 0xf1, 0x32, 0xb3, 0xa2, 0xf4,
-		0x7b, 0x43, 0xb5, 0xa7, 0xe2, 0xb1, 0xf5, 0x6c,
-		0x74, 0x6b, 0xb0, 0xcd, 0x1f, 0x94, 0x86, 0x7b,
-		0xc8, 0xfb, 0x92, 0xed, 0x54, 0x9b, 0x44, 0xf5,
-		0xc8, 0x7d, 0xb7, 0x8e, 0xff, 0x49, 0xc4, 0xe8,
-		0x39, 0x7c, 0x19, 0xe0, 0x60, 0x19, 0x51, 0xf8,
-		0xe4, 0x8e, 0x02, 0xf1, 0x7f, 0x1d, 0xcc, 0x8e,
-		0xb0, 0x07, 0xff, 0xf8, 0xaf, 0x7f, 0x66, 0x82,
-		0x83, 0xcc, 0x7c, 0xfa, 0x80, 0xdb, 0x81, 0x53,
-		0xad, 0xf7, 0xd8, 0x0c, 0x10, 0xe0, 0x20, 0xfd,
-		0xe8, 0x0b, 0x3f, 0x90, 0x15, 0xcd, 0x93, 0xad,
-		0x0b, 0xd5, 0x0c, 0xcc, 0x88, 0x56, 0xe4, 0x3f,
-	})
-
-	checkMAC1([]byte{
-		0x33, 0xe7, 0x2a, 0x84, 0x9f, 0xff, 0x57, 0x6c,
-		0x2d, 0xc3, 0x2d, 0xe1, 0xf5, 0x5c, 0x97, 0x56,
-		0xb8, 0x93, 0xc2, 0x7d, 0xd4, 0x41, 0xdd, 0x7a,
-		0x4a, 0x59, 0x3b, 0x50, 0xdd, 0x7a, 0x7a, 0x8c,
-		0x9b, 0x96, 0xaf, 0x55, 0x3c, 0xeb, 0x6d, 0x0b,
-		0x13, 0x0b, 0x97, 0x98, 0xb3, 0x40, 0xc3, 0xcc,
-		0xb8, 0x57, 0x33, 0x45, 0x6e, 0x8b, 0x09, 0x2b,
-		0x81, 0x2e, 0xd2, 0xb9, 0x66, 0x0b, 0x93, 0x05,
-	})
-
-	checkMAC1([]byte{
-		0x9b, 0x96, 0xaf, 0x55, 0x3c, 0xeb, 0x6d, 0x0b,
-		0x13, 0x0b, 0x97, 0x98, 0xb3, 0x40, 0xc3, 0xcc,
-		0xb8, 0x57, 0x33, 0x45, 0x6e, 0x8b, 0x09, 0x2b,
-		0x81, 0x2e, 0xd2, 0xb9, 0x66, 0x0b, 0x93, 0x05,
-	})
-
-	// exchange cookie reply
-
-	func() {
-		msg := []byte{
-			0x6d, 0xd7, 0xc3, 0x2e, 0xb0, 0x76, 0xd8, 0xdf,
-			0x30, 0x65, 0x7d, 0x62, 0x3e, 0xf8, 0x9a, 0xe8,
-			0xe7, 0x3c, 0x64, 0xa3, 0x78, 0x48, 0xda, 0xf5,
-			0x25, 0x61, 0x28, 0x53, 0x79, 0x32, 0x86, 0x9f,
-			0xa0, 0x27, 0x95, 0x69, 0xb6, 0xba, 0xd0, 0xa2,
-			0xf8, 0x68, 0xea, 0xa8, 0x62, 0xf2, 0xfd, 0x1b,
-			0xe0, 0xb4, 0x80, 0xe5, 0x6b, 0x3a, 0x16, 0x9e,
-			0x35, 0xf6, 0xa8, 0xf2, 0x4f, 0x9a, 0x7b, 0xe9,
-			0x77, 0x0b, 0xc2, 0xb4, 0xed, 0xba, 0xf9, 0x22,
-			0xc3, 0x03, 0x97, 0x42, 0x9f, 0x79, 0x74, 0x27,
-			0xfe, 0xf9, 0x06, 0x6e, 0x97, 0x3a, 0xa6, 0x8f,
-			0xc9, 0x57, 0x0a, 0x54, 0x4c, 0x64, 0x4a, 0xe2,
-			0x4f, 0xa1, 0xce, 0x95, 0x9b, 0x23, 0xa9, 0x2b,
-			0x85, 0x93, 0x42, 0xb0, 0xa5, 0x53, 0xed, 0xeb,
-			0x63, 0x2a, 0xf1, 0x6d, 0x46, 0xcb, 0x2f, 0x61,
-			0x8c, 0xe1, 0xe8, 0xfa, 0x67, 0x20, 0x80, 0x6d,
-		}
-		generator.AddMacs(msg)
-		reply, err := checker.CreateReply(msg, 1377, src)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal("Failed to create cookie reply:", err)
-		}
-		if !generator.ConsumeReply(reply) {
-			t.Fatal("Failed to consume cookie reply")
-		}
-	}()
-
-	// check mac2
-
-	checkMAC2 := func(msg []byte) {
-		generator.AddMacs(msg)
-
-		if !checker.CheckMAC1(msg) {
-			t.Fatal("MAC1 generation/verification failed")
-		}
-		if !checker.CheckMAC2(msg, src) {
-			t.Fatal("MAC2 generation/verification failed")
-		}
-
-		msg[5] ^= 0x20
-
-		if checker.CheckMAC1(msg) {
-			t.Fatal("MAC1 generation/verification failed")
-		}
-		if checker.CheckMAC2(msg, src) {
-			t.Fatal("MAC2 generation/verification failed")
-		}
-
-		msg[5] ^= 0x20
-
-		srcBad1 := []byte{192, 168, 13, 37, 40, 1}
-		if checker.CheckMAC2(msg, srcBad1) {
-			t.Fatal("MAC2 generation/verification failed")
-		}
-
-		srcBad2 := []byte{192, 168, 13, 38, 40, 1}
-		if checker.CheckMAC2(msg, srcBad2) {
-			t.Fatal("MAC2 generation/verification failed")
-		}
-	}
-
-	checkMAC2([]byte{
-		0x03, 0x31, 0xb9, 0x9e, 0xb0, 0x2a, 0x54, 0xa3,
-		0xc1, 0x3f, 0xb4, 0x96, 0x16, 0xb9, 0x25, 0x15,
-		0x3d, 0x3a, 0x82, 0xf9, 0x58, 0x36, 0x86, 0x3f,
-		0x13, 0x2f, 0xfe, 0xb2, 0x53, 0x20, 0x8c, 0x3f,
-		0xba, 0xeb, 0xfb, 0x4b, 0x1b, 0x22, 0x02, 0x69,
-		0x2c, 0x90, 0xbc, 0xdc, 0xcf, 0xcf, 0x85, 0xeb,
-		0x62, 0x66, 0x6f, 0xe8, 0xe1, 0xa6, 0xa8, 0x4c,
-		0xa0, 0x04, 0x23, 0x15, 0x42, 0xac, 0xfa, 0x38,
-	})
-
-	checkMAC2([]byte{
-		0x0e, 0x2f, 0x0e, 0xa9, 0x29, 0x03, 0xe1, 0xf3,
-		0x24, 0x01, 0x75, 0xad, 0x16, 0xa5, 0x66, 0x85,
-		0xca, 0x66, 0xe0, 0xbd, 0xc6, 0x34, 0xd8, 0x84,
-		0x09, 0x9a, 0x58, 0x14, 0xfb, 0x05, 0xda, 0xf5,
-		0x90, 0xf5, 0x0c, 0x4e, 0x22, 0x10, 0xc9, 0x85,
-		0x0f, 0xe3, 0x77, 0x35, 0xe9, 0x6b, 0xc2, 0x55,
-		0x32, 0x46, 0xae, 0x25, 0xe0, 0xe3, 0x37, 0x7a,
-		0x4b, 0x71, 0xcc, 0xfc, 0x91, 0xdf, 0xd6, 0xca,
-		0xfe, 0xee, 0xce, 0x3f, 0x77, 0xa2, 0xfd, 0x59,
-		0x8e, 0x73, 0x0a, 0x8d, 0x5c, 0x24, 0x14, 0xca,
-		0x38, 0x91, 0xb8, 0x2c, 0x8c, 0xa2, 0x65, 0x7b,
-		0xbc, 0x49, 0xbc, 0xb5, 0x58, 0xfc, 0xe3, 0xd7,
-		0x02, 0xcf, 0xf7, 0x4c, 0x60, 0x91, 0xed, 0x55,
-		0xe9, 0xf9, 0xfe, 0xd1, 0x44, 0x2c, 0x75, 0xf2,
-		0xb3, 0x5d, 0x7b, 0x27, 0x56, 0xc0, 0x48, 0x4f,
-		0xb0, 0xba, 0xe4, 0x7d, 0xd0, 0xaa, 0xcd, 0x3d,
-		0xe3, 0x50, 0xd2, 0xcf, 0xb9, 0xfa, 0x4b, 0x2d,
-		0xc6, 0xdf, 0x3b, 0x32, 0x98, 0x45, 0xe6, 0x8f,
-		0x1c, 0x5c, 0xa2, 0x20, 0x7d, 0x1c, 0x28, 0xc2,
-		0xd4, 0xa1, 0xe0, 0x21, 0x52, 0x8f, 0x1c, 0xd0,
-		0x62, 0x97, 0x48, 0xbb, 0xf4, 0xa9, 0xcb, 0x35,
-		0xf2, 0x07, 0xd3, 0x50, 0xd8, 0xa9, 0xc5, 0x9a,
-		0x0f, 0xbd, 0x37, 0xaf, 0xe1, 0x45, 0x19, 0xee,
-		0x41, 0xf3, 0xf7, 0xe5, 0xe0, 0x30, 0x3f, 0xbe,
-		0x3d, 0x39, 0x64, 0x00, 0x7a, 0x1a, 0x51, 0x5e,
-		0xe1, 0x70, 0x0b, 0xb9, 0x77, 0x5a, 0xf0, 0xc4,
-		0x8a, 0xa1, 0x3a, 0x77, 0x1a, 0xe0, 0xc2, 0x06,
-		0x91, 0xd5, 0xe9, 0x1c, 0xd3, 0xfe, 0xab, 0x93,
-		0x1a, 0x0a, 0x4c, 0xbb, 0xf0, 0xff, 0xdc, 0xaa,
-		0x61, 0x73, 0xcb, 0x03, 0x4b, 0x71, 0x68, 0x64,
-		0x3d, 0x82, 0x31, 0x41, 0xd7, 0x8b, 0x22, 0x7b,
-		0x7d, 0xa1, 0xd5, 0x85, 0x6d, 0xf0, 0x1b, 0xaa,
-	})
-}

device/device.go

@@ -1,20 +1,25 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device
 
 import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"net/netip"
 	"runtime"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
-	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/conn"
-	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/ratelimiter"
-	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/rwcancel"
-	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service/pause"
+	"github.com/sagernet/wireguard-go/conn"
+	"github.com/sagernet/wireguard-go/ratelimiter"
+	"github.com/sagernet/wireguard-go/rwcancel"
+	"github.com/sagernet/wireguard-go/tun"
 )
 
 type Device struct {
@@ -56,8 +61,12 @@ type Device struct {
 	peers struct {
 		sync.RWMutex // protects keyMap
 		keyMap       map[NoisePublicKey]*Peer
+		lookupFunc   PeerLookupFunc // or nil if unused
 	}
 
+	peerStateFn   atomic.Pointer[PeerSessionStateFunc]    // observes peer session state changes, nil if unset
+	priorityMsgFn atomic.Pointer[PeerPriorityMessageFunc] // returns a priority message to be sent around session establishment, nil if unset
+
 	rate struct {
 		underLoadUntil atomic.Int64
 		limiter        ratelimiter.Ratelimiter
@@ -68,11 +77,11 @@ type Device struct {
 	cookieChecker CookieChecker
 
 	pool struct {
-		inboundElementsContainer  *WaitPool
-		outboundElementsContainer *WaitPool
+		inboundElementsContainer  *sync.Pool
+		outboundElementsContainer *sync.Pool
 		messageBuffers            *WaitPool
-		inboundElements           *WaitPool
-		outboundElements          *WaitPool
+		inboundElements           *sync.Pool
+		outboundElements          *sync.Pool
 	}
 
 	queue struct {
@@ -89,6 +98,44 @@ type Device struct {
 	ipcMutex     sync.RWMutex
 	closed       chan struct{}
 	log          *Logger
+	pauseManager pause.Manager
+
+	// lx: AmneziaWG obfuscation state (grafted from amneziawg-go).
+	junk struct {
+		min   int
+		max   int
+		count int
+	}
+
+	headers struct {
+		init      *magicHeader
+		cookie    *magicHeader
+		response  *magicHeader
+		transport *magicHeader
+	}
+
+	paddings struct {
+		init      int
+		response  int
+		cookie    int
+		transport int
+	}
+
+	ipackets [5]*obfChain
+
+	// lx: SPEC 041 — passive self-heal state: reopen the bind once (fresh
+	// ephemeral port when freshPort is set) and immediately re-initiate, to
+	// heal dead per-flow path state (an expired NAT mapping or a poisoned DPI
+	// flow entry) that otherwise pins every retry to the same dead 5-tuple
+	// until a manual reconnect. The whole mechanism — three triggers (giveup /
+	// early / nudge) sharing this state and its debounce — lives in
+	// lx_giveup_rebind.go. Enabled by default; sing-box decides freshPort
+	// from whether the user pinned listen_port.
+	giveUpRebind struct {
+		enabled   atomic.Bool
+		freshPort atomic.Bool
+		last      atomic.Int64 // unix seconds of the last rebind (debounce)
+	}
 }
 
 // deviceState represents the state of a Device.
@@ -162,7 +209,8 @@ func (device *Device) changeState(want deviceState) (err error) {
 			err = errDown
 		}
 	}
-	device.log.Verbosef("Interface state was %s, requested %s, now %s", old, want, device.deviceState())
+	device.log.Verbosef(
+		"Interface state was %s, requested %s, now %s", old, want, device.deviceState())
 	return
 }
 
@@ -179,14 +227,22 @@ func (device *Device) upLocked() error {
 	device.ipcMutex.Lock()
 	defer device.ipcMutex.Unlock()
 
+	// Collect peers under RLock and then release before calling into them,
+	// because SendKeepalive can reach CreateMessageInitiation which acquires
+	// staticIdentity.RLock; holding peers.RLock across that path would
+	// invert the staticIdentity < peers hierarchy (see lock-ordering.md).
 	device.peers.RLock()
+	peers := make([]*Peer, 0, len(device.peers.keyMap))
 	for _, peer := range device.peers.keyMap {
+		peers = append(peers, peer)
+	}
+	device.peers.RUnlock()
+	for _, peer := range peers {
 		peer.Start()
 		if peer.persistentKeepaliveInterval.Load() > 0 {
 			peer.SendKeepalive()
 		}
 	}
-	device.peers.RUnlock()
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -281,8 +337,10 @@ func (device *Device) SetPrivateKey(sk NoisePrivateKey) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func NewDevice(tunDevice tun.Device, bind conn.Bind, logger *Logger) *Device {
+func NewDevice(ctx context.Context, tunDevice tun.Device, bind conn.Bind, logger *Logger, workers int) *Device {
 	device := new(Device)
+	device.pauseManager = service.FromContext[pause.Manager](ctx)
+	device.giveUpRebind.enabled.Store(true) // lx: SPEC 041 — self-heal on by default
 	device.state.state.Store(uint32(deviceStateDown))
 	device.closed = make(chan struct{})
 	device.log = logger
@@ -298,6 +356,11 @@ func NewDevice(tunDevice tun.Device, bind conn.Bind, logger *Logger) *Device {
 	device.rate.limiter.Init()
 	device.indexTable.Init()
 
+	device.headers.init = &magicHeader{start: MessageInitiationType, end: MessageInitiationType}
+	device.headers.response = &magicHeader{start: MessageResponseType, end: MessageResponseType}
+	device.headers.cookie = &magicHeader{start: MessageCookieReplyType, end: MessageCookieReplyType}
+	device.headers.transport = &magicHeader{start: MessageTransportType, end: MessageTransportType}
+
 	device.PopulatePools()
 
 	// create queues
@@ -308,10 +371,12 @@ func NewDevice(tunDevice tun.Device, bind conn.Bind, logger *Logger) *Device {
 
 	// start workers
 
-	cpus := runtime.NumCPU()
+	if workers == 0 {
+		workers = runtime.NumCPU()
+	}
 	device.state.stopping.Wait()
-	device.queue.encryption.wg.Add(cpus) // One for each RoutineHandshake
-	for i := 0; i < cpus; i++ {
+	device.queue.encryption.wg.Add(workers) // One for each RoutineHandshake
+	for i := 0; i < workers; i++ {
 		go device.RoutineEncryption(i + 1)
 		go device.RoutineDecryption(i + 1)
 		go device.RoutineHandshake(i + 1)
@@ -338,12 +403,65 @@ func (device *Device) BatchSize() int {
 	return size
 }
 
+// LookupPeer looks up a peer by its public key.
+//
+// If the peer does not exist and a [PeerLookupFunc] is set (via
+// [Device.SetPeerLookupFunc]), then that function is used to create the peer
+// before returning it. Peers created via this mechanism exist only until their
+// state machine reaches idle, and then the peers are removed.
+//
+// If the peer does not exist and no [PeerLookupFunc] is set, nil is returned.
+//
+// Use [Device.LookupActivePeer] to only return already-existing peers, without
+// using a [PeerLookupFunc].
 func (device *Device) LookupPeer(pk NoisePublicKey) *Peer {
 	device.peers.RLock()
-	defer device.peers.RUnlock()
+	p, ok := device.peers.keyMap[pk]
+	lookupFunc := device.peers.lookupFunc
+	device.peers.RUnlock()
+	if ok || lookupFunc == nil {
+		return p
+	}
 
+	conf, ok := lookupFunc(pk)
+	if !ok || conf == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	p, err := device.NewPeer(pk)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, errAddExistingPeer) {
+			device.peers.RLock()
+			defer device.peers.RUnlock()
 			return device.peers.keyMap[pk]
 		}
+		device.log.Errorf("Failed to create peer: %v", err)
+		return nil
+	}
+	p.SetAllowedIPs(conf.AllowedIPs)
+	p.deleteOnIdle = true
+	if conf.Endpoint != nil {
+		p.SetEndpointFromPacket(conf.Endpoint)
+	}
+	p.Start()
+	return p
+}
+
+// LookupActivePeer looks up a peer by its public key.
+//
+// Unlike [Device.LookupPeer], this function does not use a [PeerLookupFunc] to
+// create the peer if it does not already exist.
+//
+// If the peer does not exist or was created lazily via [PeerLookupFunc]
+// and has subsequently idled away, it returns (nil, false).
+func (device *Device) LookupActivePeer(pk NoisePublicKey) (_ *Peer, ok bool) {
+	device.peers.RLock()
+	defer device.peers.RUnlock()
+	p, ok := device.peers.keyMap[pk]
+	return p, ok
+}
+
+var errAddExistingPeer = errors.New("adding existing peer")
 
 func (device *Device) RemovePeer(key NoisePublicKey) {
 	device.peers.Lock()
@@ -367,6 +485,151 @@ func (device *Device) RemoveAllPeers() {
 	device.peers.keyMap = make(map[NoisePublicKey]*Peer)
 }
 
+// RemoveMatchingPeers removes all peers for which shouldRemove returns true.
+//
+// It returns the number of peers removed.
+func (device *Device) RemoveMatchingPeers(shouldRemove func(NoisePublicKey) bool) (numRemoved int) {
+	device.peers.Lock()
+	defer device.peers.Unlock()
+
+	for key, peer := range device.peers.keyMap {
+		if shouldRemove(key) {
+			removePeerLocked(device, peer, key)
+			numRemoved++
+		}
+	}
+	return numRemoved
+}
+
+// NewPeerConfig are the configuration parameters for a new peer created via a
+// [PeerLookupFunc] func.
+type NewPeerConfig struct {
+	// AllowedIPs is the initial set of allowed IPs for the new peer.
+	AllowedIPs []netip.Prefix
+
+	// Endpoint, if non-nil, sets the initial endpoint for newly
+	// created peers.
+	Endpoint conn.Endpoint
+}
+
+// PeerLookupFunc is the type of function used to look up peers by public key
+// when receiving packets for unknown peers.
+//
+// If it returns nil, the peer is not known.
+//
+// Otherwise, returning non-nil signals that wireguard-go should create the peer
+// with the provided allowed IPs.
+//
+// See [Device.SetPeerLookupFunc] and [Device.LookupPeer].
+type PeerLookupFunc func(NoisePublicKey) (_ *NewPeerConfig, ok bool)
+
+// PeerByIPPacketFunc is the type of function used to look up a peer to send to
+// for a given src/dst IP pair. The ipPkt parameter is the raw IP packet being
+// routed; callers needing transport-layer ports or other header fields may parse
+// them from ipPkt, but must handle IP fragmentation (ports may be absent on
+// non-first fragments) and protocols that do not use ports (e.g. ICMP).
+//
+// Except for experimental use cases, dst is the only address
+// that should be relied upon when looking up a peer.
+//
+// If it returns ok=false, the peer is not known.
+//
+// See [Device.SetPeerByIPPacketFunc] and [Device.SetPeerLookupFunc].
+type PeerByIPPacketFunc func(src, dst netip.Addr, ipPkt []byte) (_ NoisePublicKey, ok bool)
+
+// PeerSessionState is the current WireGuard session state for a peer.
+type PeerSessionState uint8
+
+const (
+	// PeerSessionNone means there is no handshake in progress and no session key
+	// material retained for this peer.
+	PeerSessionNone PeerSessionState = iota
+
+	// PeerSessionHandshake means a handshake is in progress for this peer, but
+	// there is not currently a usable WireGuard session.
+	PeerSessionHandshake
+
+	// PeerSessionEstablished means the peer has a completed WireGuard session
+	// with usable session key material.
+	PeerSessionEstablished
+
+	// PeerSessionExpired means the peer's session key material is no longer
+	// considered usable, but final key cleanup or lazy peer removal may not have
+	// happened yet.
+	PeerSessionExpired
+)
+
+// PeerSessionStateFunc is called when a peer's WireGuard session state changes.
+//
+// Calls are serialized per peer and delivered in that peer's transition order. The
+// callback must be cheap and must not call back into Device.
+type PeerSessionStateFunc func(peer NoisePublicKey, state PeerSessionState)
+
+// SetPeerLookupFunc sets the function used to look up peers by public key
+// when receiving packets for unknown peers.
+func (device *Device) SetPeerLookupFunc(f PeerLookupFunc) {
+	device.peers.Lock()
+	defer device.peers.Unlock()
+	device.peers.lookupFunc = f
+}
+
+// SetPeerByIPPacketFunc sets the function used to look up peers by IP address
+// when sending packets to unknown peers.
+func (device *Device) SetPeerByIPPacketFunc(f PeerByIPPacketFunc) {
+	device.allowedips.mu.Lock()
+	defer device.allowedips.mu.Unlock()
+	device.allowedips.peerByIPPacketFunc = f
+	device.allowedips.device = device
+}
+
+// SetSessionStateFunc sets the function used to observe peer WireGuard session
+// state changes.
+//
+// It does not replay current state. Callers that need a complete view should set
+// it before peers are started or lazily created, and maintain any snapshots,
+// sequence numbers, and pubsub state outside wireguard-go.
+//
+// The callback must be concurrent-safe and must not call back into Device.
+func (device *Device) SetSessionStateFunc(f PeerSessionStateFunc) {
+	if f == nil {
+		device.peerStateFn.Store(nil)
+		return
+	}
+	device.peerStateFn.Store(&f)
+}
+
+// MaxPriorityMessageContentSize is the maximum size of a message returned by a
+// [PeerPriorityMessageFunc]. It's a power of 2 that leaves significant space
+// when accounting for all WireGuard overhead and encapsulating network protocol
+// headers. Future adjustments to this value should consider all these overheads
+// and any [conn.Bind] implementation limitations.
+const MaxPriorityMessageContentSize = 512
+
+// PeerPriorityMessageFunc is called when a peer's WireGuard session keypair is
+// established (or re-keyed) for forward data transmission.
+//
+// The returned message is transmitted to the peer in priority fashion. Priority
+// means it cannot be evicted from the staged packet queue by non-priority
+// (read from [tun.Device]) packets. It avoids the staged queue altogether.
+//
+// The callback must be cheap and must not call back into [Device]. A zero length
+// message or a message whose length exceeds [MaxPriorityMessageContentSize] will
+// be silently dropped. Message should start with an IPv4 or IPv6 header as it
+// is subject to allowed IPs lookup on the receiver, same as any other transport
+// message.
+type PeerPriorityMessageFunc func(peer NoisePublicKey) (msg []byte)
+
+// SetPriorityMessageOnEstablishmentFunc sets a function to be used for sending
+// a priority message around session establishment. See [PeerPriorityMessageFunc]
+// docs for more details. A nil value clears any previously set value.
+func (device *Device) SetPriorityMessageOnEstablishmentFunc(f PeerPriorityMessageFunc) {
+	if f == nil {
+		device.priorityMsgFn.Store(nil)
+		return
+	}
+	device.priorityMsgFn.Store(&f)
+}
+
 func (device *Device) Close() {
 	device.state.Lock()
 	defer device.state.Unlock()
@@ -408,16 +671,25 @@ func (device *Device) SendKeepalivesToPeersWithCurrentKeypair() {
 		return
 	}
 
+	// Collect the set of peers to keepalive under peers.RLock, then release
+	// before invoking SendKeepalive. SendKeepalive can reach
+	// CreateMessageInitiation which acquires staticIdentity.RLock; holding
+	// peers.RLock across that path would invert the
+	// staticIdentity < peers hierarchy (see lock-ordering.md).
+	var peers []*Peer
 	device.peers.RLock()
 	for _, peer := range device.peers.keyMap {
 		peer.keypairs.RLock()
 		sendKeepalive := peer.keypairs.current != nil && !peer.keypairs.current.created.Add(RejectAfterTime).Before(time.Now())
 		peer.keypairs.RUnlock()
 		if sendKeepalive {
-			peer.SendKeepalive()
+			peers = append(peers, peer)
 		}
 	}
 	device.peers.RUnlock()
+	for _, peer := range peers {
+		peer.SendKeepalive()
+	}
 }
 
 // closeBindLocked closes the device's net.bind.

device/device_test.go

@@ -1,476 +0,0 @@
-/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
- */
-
-package device
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"encoding/hex"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"math/rand"
-	"net/netip"
-	"os"
-	"runtime"
-	"runtime/pprof"
-	"sync"
-	"sync/atomic"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/conn"
-	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/conn/bindtest"
-	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun"
-	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun/tuntest"
-)
-
-// uapiCfg returns a string that contains cfg formatted use with IpcSet.
-// cfg is a series of alternating key/value strings.
-// uapiCfg exists because editors and humans like to insert
-// whitespace into configs, which can cause failures, some of which are silent.
-// For example, a leading blank newline causes the remainder
-// of the config to be silently ignored.
-func uapiCfg(cfg ...string) string {
-	if len(cfg)%2 != 0 {
-		panic("odd number of args to uapiReader")
-	}
-	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
-	for i, s := range cfg {
-		buf.WriteString(s)
-		sep := byte('\n')
-		if i%2 == 0 {
-			sep = '='
-		}
-		buf.WriteByte(sep)
-	}
-	return buf.String()
-}
-
-// genConfigs generates a pair of configs that connect to each other.
-// The configs use distinct, probably-usable ports.
-func genConfigs(tb testing.TB) (cfgs, endpointCfgs [2]string) {
-	var key1, key2 NoisePrivateKey
-	_, err := rand.Read(key1[:])
-	if err != nil {
-		tb.Errorf("unable to generate private key random bytes: %v", err)
-	}
-	_, err = rand.Read(key2[:])
-	if err != nil {
-		tb.Errorf("unable to generate private key random bytes: %v", err)
-	}
-	pub1, pub2 := key1.publicKey(), key2.publicKey()
-
-	cfgs[0] = uapiCfg(
-		"private_key", hex.EncodeToString(key1[:]),
-		"listen_port", "0",
-		"replace_peers", "true",
-		"public_key", hex.EncodeToString(pub2[:]),
-		"protocol_version", "1",
-		"replace_allowed_ips", "true",
-		"allowed_ip", "1.0.0.2/32",
-	)
-	endpointCfgs[0] = uapiCfg(
-		"public_key", hex.EncodeToString(pub2[:]),
-		"endpoint", "127.0.0.1:%d",
-	)
-	cfgs[1] = uapiCfg(
-		"private_key", hex.EncodeToString(key2[:]),
-		"listen_port", "0",
-		"replace_peers", "true",
-		"public_key", hex.EncodeToString(pub1[:]),
-		"protocol_version", "1",
-		"replace_allowed_ips", "true",
-		"allowed_ip", "1.0.0.1/32",
-	)
-	endpointCfgs[1] = uapiCfg(
-		"public_key", hex.EncodeToString(pub1[:]),
-		"endpoint", "127.0.0.1:%d",
-	)
-	return
-}
-
-// A testPair is a pair of testPeers.
-type testPair [2]testPeer
-
-// A testPeer is a peer used for testing.
-type testPeer struct {
-	tun *tuntest.ChannelTUN
-	dev *Device
-	ip  netip.Addr
-}
-
-type SendDirection bool
-
-const (
-	Ping SendDirection = true
-	Pong SendDirection = false
-)
-
-func (d SendDirection) String() string {
-	if d == Ping {
-		return "ping"
-	}
-	return "pong"
-}
-
-func (pair *testPair) Send(tb testing.TB, ping SendDirection, done chan struct{}) {
-	tb.Helper()
-	p0, p1 := pair[0], pair[1]
-	if !ping {
-		// pong is the new ping
-		p0, p1 = p1, p0
-	}
-	msg := tuntest.Ping(p0.ip, p1.ip)
-	p1.tun.Outbound <- msg
-	timer := time.NewTimer(5 * time.Second)
-	defer timer.Stop()
-	var err error
-	select {
-	case msgRecv := <-p0.tun.Inbound:
-		if !bytes.Equal(msg, msgRecv) {
-			err = fmt.Errorf("%s did not transit correctly", ping)
-		}
-	case <-timer.C:
-		err = fmt.Errorf("%s did not transit", ping)
-	case <-done:
-	}
-	if err != nil {
-		// The error may have occurred because the test is done.
-		select {
-		case <-done:
-			return
-		default:
-		}
-		// Real error.
-		tb.Error(err)
-	}
-}
-
-// genTestPair creates a testPair.
-func genTestPair(tb testing.TB, realSocket bool) (pair testPair) {
-	cfg, endpointCfg := genConfigs(tb)
-	var binds [2]conn.Bind
-	if realSocket {
-		binds[0], binds[1] = conn.NewDefaultBind(), conn.NewDefaultBind()
-	} else {
-		binds = bindtest.NewChannelBinds()
-	}
-	// Bring up a ChannelTun for each config.
-	for i := range pair {
-		p := &pair[i]
-		p.tun = tuntest.NewChannelTUN()
-		p.ip = netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{1, 0, 0, byte(i + 1)})
-		level := LogLevelVerbose
-		if _, ok := tb.(*testing.B); ok && !testing.Verbose() {
-			level = LogLevelError
-		}
-		p.dev = NewDevice(p.tun.TUN(), binds[i], NewLogger(level, fmt.Sprintf("dev%d: ", i)))
-		if err := p.dev.IpcSet(cfg[i]); err != nil {
-			tb.Errorf("failed to configure device %d: %v", i, err)
-			p.dev.Close()
-			continue
-		}
-		if err := p.dev.Up(); err != nil {
-			tb.Errorf("failed to bring up device %d: %v", i, err)
-			p.dev.Close()
-			continue
-		}
-		endpointCfg[i^1] = fmt.Sprintf(endpointCfg[i^1], p.dev.net.port)
-	}
-	for i := range pair {
-		p := &pair[i]
-		if err := p.dev.IpcSet(endpointCfg[i]); err != nil {
-			tb.Errorf("failed to configure device endpoint %d: %v", i, err)
-			p.dev.Close()
-			continue
-		}
-		// The device is ready. Close it when the test completes.
-		tb.Cleanup(p.dev.Close)
-	}
-	return
-}
-
-func TestTwoDevicePing(t *testing.T) {
-	goroutineLeakCheck(t)
-	pair := genTestPair(t, true)
-	t.Run("ping 1.0.0.1", func(t *testing.T) {
-		pair.Send(t, Ping, nil)
-	})
-	t.Run("ping 1.0.0.2", func(t *testing.T) {
-		pair.Send(t, Pong, nil)
-	})
-}
-
-func TestUpDown(t *testing.T) {
-	goroutineLeakCheck(t)
-	const itrials = 50
-	const otrials = 10
-
-	for n := 0; n < otrials; n++ {
-		pair := genTestPair(t, false)
-		for i := range pair {
-			for k := range pair[i].dev.peers.keyMap {
-				pair[i].dev.IpcSet(fmt.Sprintf("public_key=%s\npersistent_keepalive_interval=1\n", hex.EncodeToString(k[:])))
-			}
-		}
-		var wg sync.WaitGroup
-		wg.Add(len(pair))
-		for i := range pair {
-			go func(d *Device) {
-				defer wg.Done()
-				for i := 0; i < itrials; i++ {
-					if err := d.Up(); err != nil {
-						t.Errorf("failed up bring up device: %v", err)
-					}
-					time.Sleep(time.Duration(rand.Intn(int(time.Nanosecond * (0x10000 - 1)))))
-					if err := d.Down(); err != nil {
-						t.Errorf("failed to bring down device: %v", err)
-					}
-					time.Sleep(time.Duration(rand.Intn(int(time.Nanosecond * (0x10000 - 1)))))
-				}
-			}(pair[i].dev)
-		}
-		wg.Wait()
-		for i := range pair {
-			pair[i].dev.Up()
-			pair[i].dev.Close()
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// TestConcurrencySafety does other things concurrently with tunnel use.
-// It is intended to be used with the race detector to catch data races.
-func TestConcurrencySafety(t *testing.T) {
-	pair := genTestPair(t, true)
-	done := make(chan struct{})
-
-	const warmupIters = 10
-	var warmup sync.WaitGroup
-	warmup.Add(warmupIters)
-	go func() {
-		// Send data continuously back and forth until we're done.
-		// Note that we may continue to attempt to send data
-		// even after done is closed.
-		i := warmupIters
-		for ping := Ping; ; ping = !ping {
-			pair.Send(t, ping, done)
-			select {
-			case <-done:
-				return
-			default:
-			}
-			if i > 0 {
-				warmup.Done()
-				i--
-			}
-		}
-	}()
-	warmup.Wait()
-
-	applyCfg := func(cfg string) {
-		err := pair[0].dev.IpcSet(cfg)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Change persistent_keepalive_interval concurrently with tunnel use.
-	t.Run("persistentKeepaliveInterval", func(t *testing.T) {
-		var pub NoisePublicKey
-		for key := range pair[0].dev.peers.keyMap {
-			pub = key
-			break
-		}
-		cfg := uapiCfg(
-			"public_key", hex.EncodeToString(pub[:]),
-			"persistent_keepalive_interval", "1",
-		)
-		for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
-			applyCfg(cfg)
-		}
-	})
-
-	// Change private keys concurrently with tunnel use.
-	t.Run("privateKey", func(t *testing.T) {
-		bad := uapiCfg("private_key", "7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777")
-		good := uapiCfg("private_key", hex.EncodeToString(pair[0].dev.staticIdentity.privateKey[:]))
-		// Set iters to a large number like 1000 to flush out data races quickly.
-		// Don't leave it large. That can cause logical races
-		// in which the handshake is interleaved with key changes
-		// such that the private key appears to be unchanging but
-		// other state gets reset, which can cause handshake failures like
-		// "Received packet with invalid mac1".
-		const iters = 1
-		for i := 0; i < iters; i++ {
-			applyCfg(bad)
-			applyCfg(good)
-		}
-	})
-
-	// Perform bind updates and keepalive sends concurrently with tunnel use.
-	t.Run("bindUpdate and keepalive", func(t *testing.T) {
-		const iters = 10
-		for i := 0; i < iters; i++ {
-			for _, peer := range pair {
-				peer.dev.BindUpdate()
-				peer.dev.SendKeepalivesToPeersWithCurrentKeypair()
-			}
-		}
-	})
-
-	close(done)
-}
-
-func BenchmarkLatency(b *testing.B) {
-	pair := genTestPair(b, true)
-
-	// Establish a connection.
-	pair.Send(b, Ping, nil)
-	pair.Send(b, Pong, nil)
-
-	b.ResetTimer()
-	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-		pair.Send(b, Ping, nil)
-		pair.Send(b, Pong, nil)
-	}
-}
-
-func BenchmarkThroughput(b *testing.B) {
-	pair := genTestPair(b, true)
-
-	// Establish a connection.
-	pair.Send(b, Ping, nil)
-	pair.Send(b, Pong, nil)
-
-	// Measure how long it takes to receive b.N packets,
-	// starting when we receive the first packet.
-	var recv atomic.Uint64
-	var elapsed time.Duration
-	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-	wg.Add(1)
-	go func() {
-		defer wg.Done()
-		var start time.Time
-		for {
-			<-pair[0].tun.Inbound
-			new := recv.Add(1)
-			if new == 1 {
-				start = time.Now()
-			}
-			// Careful! Don't change this to else if; b.N can be equal to 1.
-			if new == uint64(b.N) {
-				elapsed = time.Since(start)
-				return
-			}
-		}
-	}()
-
-	// Send packets as fast as we can until we've received enough.
-	ping := tuntest.Ping(pair[0].ip, pair[1].ip)
-	pingc := pair[1].tun.Outbound
-	var sent uint64
-	for recv.Load() != uint64(b.N) {
-		sent++
-		pingc <- ping
-	}
-	wg.Wait()
-
-	b.ReportMetric(float64(elapsed)/float64(b.N), "ns/op")
-	b.ReportMetric(1-float64(b.N)/float64(sent), "packet-loss")
-}
-
-func BenchmarkUAPIGet(b *testing.B) {
-	pair := genTestPair(b, true)
-	pair.Send(b, Ping, nil)
-	pair.Send(b, Pong, nil)
-	b.ReportAllocs()
-	b.ResetTimer()
-	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-		pair[0].dev.IpcGetOperation(io.Discard)
-	}
-}
-
-func goroutineLeakCheck(t *testing.T) {
-	goroutines := func() (int, []byte) {
-		p := pprof.Lookup("goroutine")
-		b := new(bytes.Buffer)
-		p.WriteTo(b, 1)
-		return p.Count(), b.Bytes()
-	}
-
-	startGoroutines, startStacks := goroutines()
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		if t.Failed() {
-			return
-		}
-		// Give goroutines time to exit, if they need it.
-		for i := 0; i < 10000; i++ {
-			if runtime.NumGoroutine() <= startGoroutines {
-				return
-			}
-			time.Sleep(1 * time.Millisecond)
-		}
-		endGoroutines, endStacks := goroutines()
-		t.Logf("starting stacks:\n%s\n", startStacks)
-		t.Logf("ending stacks:\n%s\n", endStacks)
-		t.Fatalf("expected %d goroutines, got %d, leak?", startGoroutines, endGoroutines)
-	})
-}
-
-type fakeBindSized struct {
-	size int
-}
-
-func (b *fakeBindSized) Open(port uint16) (fns []conn.ReceiveFunc, actualPort uint16, err error) {
-	return nil, 0, nil
-}
-func (b *fakeBindSized) Close() error                                  { return nil }
-func (b *fakeBindSized) SetMark(mark uint32) error                     { return nil }
-func (b *fakeBindSized) Send(bufs [][]byte, ep conn.Endpoint) error    { return nil }
-func (b *fakeBindSized) ParseEndpoint(s string) (conn.Endpoint, error) { return nil, nil }
-func (b *fakeBindSized) BatchSize() int                                { return b.size }
-
-type fakeTUNDeviceSized struct {
-	size int
-}
-
-func (t *fakeTUNDeviceSized) File() *os.File { return nil }
-func (t *fakeTUNDeviceSized) Read(bufs [][]byte, sizes []int, offset int) (n int, err error) {
-	return 0, nil
-}
-func (t *fakeTUNDeviceSized) Write(bufs [][]byte, offset int) (int, error) { return 0, nil }
-func (t *fakeTUNDeviceSized) MTU() (int, error)                            { return 0, nil }
-func (t *fakeTUNDeviceSized) Name() (string, error)                        { return "", nil }
-func (t *fakeTUNDeviceSized) Events() <-chan tun.Event                     { return nil }
-func (t *fakeTUNDeviceSized) Close() error                                 { return nil }
-func (t *fakeTUNDeviceSized) BatchSize() int                               { return t.size }
-
-func TestBatchSize(t *testing.T) {
-	d := Device{}
-
-	d.net.bind = &fakeBindSized{1}
-	d.tun.device = &fakeTUNDeviceSized{1}
-	if want, got := 1, d.BatchSize(); got != want {
-		t.Errorf("expected batch size %d, got %d", want, got)
-	}
-
-	d.net.bind = &fakeBindSized{1}
-	d.tun.device = &fakeTUNDeviceSized{128}
-	if want, got := 128, d.BatchSize(); got != want {
-		t.Errorf("expected batch size %d, got %d", want, got)
-	}
-
-	d.net.bind = &fakeBindSized{128}
-	d.tun.device = &fakeTUNDeviceSized{1}
-	if want, got := 128, d.BatchSize(); got != want {
-		t.Errorf("expected batch size %d, got %d", want, got)
-	}
-
-	d.net.bind = &fakeBindSized{128}
-	d.tun.device = &fakeTUNDeviceSized{128}
-	if want, got := 128, d.BatchSize(); got != want {
-		t.Errorf("expected batch size %d, got %d", want, got)
-	}
-}

device/endpoint_test.go

@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
- */
-
-package device
-
-import (
-	"math/rand"
-	"net/netip"
-)
-
-type DummyEndpoint struct {
-	src, dst netip.Addr
-}
-
-func CreateDummyEndpoint() (*DummyEndpoint, error) {
-	var src, dst [16]byte
-	if _, err := rand.Read(src[:]); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	_, err := rand.Read(dst[:])
-	return &DummyEndpoint{netip.AddrFrom16(src), netip.AddrFrom16(dst)}, err
-}
-
-func (e *DummyEndpoint) ClearSrc() {}
-
-func (e *DummyEndpoint) SrcToString() string {
-	return netip.AddrPortFrom(e.SrcIP(), 1000).String()
-}
-
-func (e *DummyEndpoint) DstToString() string {
-	return netip.AddrPortFrom(e.DstIP(), 1000).String()
-}
-
-func (e *DummyEndpoint) DstToBytes() []byte {
-	out := e.DstIP().AsSlice()
-	out = append(out, byte(1000&0xff))
-	out = append(out, byte((1000>>8)&0xff))
-	return out
-}
-
-func (e *DummyEndpoint) DstIP() netip.Addr {
-	return e.dst
-}
-
-func (e *DummyEndpoint) SrcIP() netip.Addr {
-	return e.src
-}

device/indextable.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device

device/ip.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device

device/kdf_test.go

@@ -1,85 +0,0 @@
-/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
- */
-
-package device
-
-import (
-	"encoding/hex"
-	"testing"
-
-	"golang.org/x/crypto/blake2s"
-)
-
-type KDFTest struct {
-	key   string
-	input string
-	t0    string
-	t1    string
-	t2    string
-}
-
-func assertEquals(t *testing.T, a, b string) {
-	if a != b {
-		t.Fatal("expected", a, "=", b)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestKDF(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []KDFTest{
-		{
-			key:   "746573742d6b6579",
-			input: "746573742d696e707574",
-			t0:    "6f0e5ad38daba1bea8a0d213688736f19763239305e0f58aba697f9ffc41c633",
-			t1:    "df1194df20802a4fe594cde27e92991c8cae66c366e8106aaa937a55fa371e8a",
-			t2:    "fac6e2745a325f5dc5d11a5b165aad08b0ada28e7b4e666b7c077934a4d76c24",
-		},
-		{
-			key:   "776972656775617264",
-			input: "776972656775617264",
-			t0:    "491d43bbfdaa8750aaf535e334ecbfe5129967cd64635101c566d4caefda96e8",
-			t1:    "1e71a379baefd8a79aa4662212fcafe19a23e2b609a3db7d6bcba8f560e3d25f",
-			t2:    "31e1ae48bddfbe5de38f295e5452b1909a1b4e38e183926af3780b0c1e1f0160",
-		},
-		{
-			key:   "",
-			input: "",
-			t0:    "8387b46bf43eccfcf349552a095d8315c4055beb90208fb1be23b894bc2ed5d0",
-			t1:    "58a0e5f6faefccf4807bff1f05fa8a9217945762040bcec2f4b4a62bdfe0e86e",
-			t2:    "0ce6ea98ec548f8e281e93e32db65621c45eb18dc6f0a7ad94178610a2f7338e",
-		},
-	}
-
-	var t0, t1, t2 [blake2s.Size]byte
-
-	for _, test := range tests {
-		key, _ := hex.DecodeString(test.key)
-		input, _ := hex.DecodeString(test.input)
-		KDF3(&t0, &t1, &t2, key, input)
-		t0s := hex.EncodeToString(t0[:])
-		t1s := hex.EncodeToString(t1[:])
-		t2s := hex.EncodeToString(t2[:])
-		assertEquals(t, t0s, test.t0)
-		assertEquals(t, t1s, test.t1)
-		assertEquals(t, t2s, test.t2)
-	}
-
-	for _, test := range tests {
-		key, _ := hex.DecodeString(test.key)
-		input, _ := hex.DecodeString(test.input)
-		KDF2(&t0, &t1, key, input)
-		t0s := hex.EncodeToString(t0[:])
-		t1s := hex.EncodeToString(t1[:])
-		assertEquals(t, t0s, test.t0)
-		assertEquals(t, t1s, test.t1)
-	}
-
-	for _, test := range tests {
-		key, _ := hex.DecodeString(test.key)
-		input, _ := hex.DecodeString(test.input)
-		KDF1(&t0, key, input)
-		t0s := hex.EncodeToString(t0[:])
-		assertEquals(t, t0s, test.t0)
-	}
-}

device/keypair.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
-	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/replay"
+	"github.com/sagernet/wireguard-go/replay"
 )
 
 /* Due to limitations in Go and /x/crypto there is currently

device/logger.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device

device/lx_early_rebind_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ *
+ * lx: SPEC 041 v2 — behavioural red/green test for the EARLY give-up rebind.
+ * Field failure mode (the v1 field leftover, dump 2026-08-01): the v1 give-up
+ * rebind heals a dead 5-tuple, but only at ~90s after the first demand — while
+ * the user pings within the first 5-35s after device wake and sees every node
+ * in ERR. The early trigger fires from the retry branch once >=3 initiations
+ * went unanswered AND the session is provably dead (no live keypair, or last
+ * handshake older than RejectAfterTime), shrinking the ERR window to ~15-20s.
+ *
+ * The test reuses the v1 harness (gateBind: first socket generation blackholes
+ * every send) and drives the peer to the 3rd retry expiry — the state a real
+ * ~15s of unanswered retries ends in. Post-fix the retry branch rebinds and
+ * the tunnel comes up; pre-fix (v1 base) the retry keeps dying in the first
+ * socket generation and only the ~90s give-up would heal, so the packet never
+ * arrives within the test window.
+ *
+ * This file deliberately uses NO post-fix API, so it compiles and runs RED on
+ * the v1 base commit.
+ */
+
+package device
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// TestEarlyRebindSelfHeal: dead first socket, cold session (no keypair yet),
+// 3rd retry expiry fires — the tunnel must come up and deliver traffic without
+// waiting out the full 90s give-up cycle.
+func TestEarlyRebindSelfHeal(t *testing.T) {
+	pair := newGiveUpPair(t, true)
+
+	pkt := buildIPv4Packet(testIPA, testIPB, 8)
+	send := func() { pair.tunA.toDevice <- pkt }
+
+	// Traffic demand: stages the packet and sends the first (blackholed)
+	// initiation.
+	send()
+
+	pair.devA.peers.RLock()
+	peer := pair.devA.peers.keyMap[pair.pkB]
+	pair.devA.peers.RUnlock()
+	if peer == nil {
+		t.Fatal("peer not found")
+	}
+
+	// Simulate reaching the 3rd retry expiry (~15s in the field): two retries
+	// already counted, the last initiation older than the retransmit timeout.
+	peer.handshake.mutex.Lock()
+	peer.handshake.lastSentHandshake = time.Now().Add(-2 * RekeyTimeout)
+	peer.handshake.mutex.Unlock()
+	peer.timers.handshakeAttempts.Store(2)
+	expiredRetransmitHandshake(peer)
+
+	awaitPacket(t, pair.tunB, pkt, send)
+}

device/lx_giveup_rebind.go

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ *
+ * lx: SPEC 041 — passive self-heal for a dead per-flow path (an expired NAT
+ * mapping or a poisoned DPI flow entry that pins every retry to the same dead
+ * 5-tuple until a manual reconnect). One mechanism — reopen the bind (fresh
+ * ephemeral port when allowed) and immediately re-initiate — with three
+ * triggers sharing one debounce window:
+ *
+ *   giveup — the handshake retry cycle exhausted (~90s of unanswered
+ *            initiations under traffic demand); safety net, covers every path;
+ *   early  — >=3 unanswered initiations against a provably dead session
+ *            (see sessionProvablyDead): no point waiting out the rest of the
+ *            cycle, rebind at ~15s instead of ~90s;
+ *   nudge  — the consumer reports "device woke up" via
+ *            Device.RebindIfSessionStale (wired through sing-box libbox);
+ *            heals without waiting for traffic demand at all.
+ *
+ * Zero cost while healthy: no timers, no goroutines — triggers 1-2 live in
+ * the existing retry cycle, trigger 3 is paid by the caller. The state lives
+ * in Device.giveUpRebind (device.go); enabled defaults to true in NewDevice,
+ * sing-box decides freshPort from whether the user pinned listen_port.
+ */
+
+package device
+
+import "time"
+
+// earlyGiveUpMinAttempts is the number of unanswered initiations (retry timer
+// expiries) after which a provably dead session is rebound early instead of
+// waiting out the full RekeyAttemptTime cycle: ~15s at RekeyTimeout=5s.
+const earlyGiveUpMinAttempts = 3
+
+// SetGiveUpRebind configures the self-heal (see the giveUpRebind field
+// comment in device.go). freshPort must be false when the user pinned an
+// explicit listen_port: the pinned port is preserved, at the cost of the
+// rebind not changing the 5-tuple.
+func (device *Device) SetGiveUpRebind(enabled, freshPort bool) {
+	device.giveUpRebind.enabled.Store(enabled)
+	device.giveUpRebind.freshPort.Store(freshPort)
+}
+
+// handleHandshakeGiveUp is invoked from the give-up branch of
+// expiredRetransmitHandshake: ~90s of initiations went unanswered, so the
+// current socket's 5-tuple is proven dead.
+func (device *Device) handleHandshakeGiveUp(peer *Peer) {
+	device.selfHealRebind("giveup", peer)
+}
+
+// maybeEarlyGiveUpRebind is invoked from the RETRY branch of
+// expiredRetransmitHandshake. Once enough initiations went unanswered AND the
+// session is provably dead there is nothing left to protect — rebind now, at
+// ~15s instead of ~90s. The retry cycle itself continues untouched: this only
+// moves the socket under it. A live session with transient packet loss fails
+// sessionProvablyDead and keeps byte-for-byte upstream behaviour; the shared
+// debounce means this also suppresses the giveup rebind of the same series.
+func (device *Device) maybeEarlyGiveUpRebind(peer *Peer) {
+	if peer.timers.handshakeAttempts.Load() < earlyGiveUpMinAttempts {
+		return
+	}
+	if !device.sessionProvablyDead(peer) {
+		return
+	}
+	device.selfHealRebind("early", peer)
+}
+
+// sessionProvablyDead reports whether the peer's session is beyond saving: no
+// live keypair, or the last successful handshake is older than
+// RejectAfterTime (the keys are invalid after that, so a rebind loses
+// nothing). The stale predicate shared by the early and nudge triggers.
+func (device *Device) sessionProvablyDead(peer *Peer) bool {
+	if peer.keypairs.Current() == nil {
+		return true
+	}
+	return time.Since(time.Unix(0, peer.lastHandshakeNano.Load())) > RejectAfterTime
+}
+
+// RebindIfSessionStale is the wake-nudge entry (trigger 3): the consumer
+// observed a device wake-up and asks for an immediate heal instead of waiting
+// for traffic demand to walk the retry cycle. If any running peer's session
+// is provably dead the bind is reopened once (shared debounce) and every such
+// peer re-initiates immediately; a healthy device is a no-op. Returns whether
+// a rebind was actually scheduled. Never blocks on the rebind itself — the
+// heavy part runs in a goroutine (see selfHealRebind). On a down or closed
+// device it is a no-op, so callers racing idle-suspend or Close are safe.
+func (device *Device) RebindIfSessionStale() bool {
+	if !device.giveUpRebind.enabled.Load() || !device.isUp() {
+		return false
+	}
+	var stale []*Peer
+	device.peers.RLock()
+	for _, peer := range device.peers.keyMap {
+		if peer.isRunning.Load() && device.sessionProvablyDead(peer) {
+			stale = append(stale, peer)
+		}
+	}
+	device.peers.RUnlock()
+	if len(stale) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	return device.selfHealRebind("nudge", stale...)
+}
+
+// selfHealRebind is the shared action behind all three triggers. Runs the
+// heavy part in a goroutine so a timer callback (or a nudge caller) never
+// blocks on BindUpdate's worker drain. Debounced to one rebind per
+// RekeyAttemptTime per device across ALL triggers (CAS on `last` settles
+// concurrent multi-peer races): an early rebind at ~15s suppresses the giveup
+// rebind of the same failed series at ~90s. On a down or closed device
+// BindUpdate does not reopen the socket, so a rebind racing idle-suspend
+// (SPEC 020) or Close degrades to a no-op.
+func (device *Device) selfHealRebind(trigger string, peers ...*Peer) bool {
+	if !device.giveUpRebind.enabled.Load() {
+		return false
+	}
+	if device.isClosed() {
+		return false
+	}
+	now := time.Now().Unix()
+	last := device.giveUpRebind.last.Load()
+	if now-last < int64(RekeyAttemptTime/time.Second) {
+		return false
+	}
+	if !device.giveUpRebind.last.CompareAndSwap(last, now) {
+		return false
+	}
+	fresh := device.giveUpRebind.freshPort.Load()
+	go func() {
+		if fresh {
+			device.net.Lock()
+			device.net.port = 0
+			device.net.Unlock()
+		}
+		if err := device.BindUpdate(); err != nil {
+			device.log.Errorf("%v - Failed self-heal rebind (trigger=%s): %v", peers[0], trigger, err)
+			return
+		}
+		device.log.Verbosef("%v - Rebound socket for self-heal (trigger=%s, fresh port=%v)", peers[0], trigger, fresh)
+		for _, peer := range peers {
+			peer.SendHandshakeInitiation(false)
+		}
+	}()
+	return true
+}

device/lx_giveup_rebind_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ *
+ * lx: SPEC 041 — unit tests for the give-up rebind mechanics on top of the
+ * self-heal harness (lx_giveup_selfheal_test.go): fresh vs pinned port,
+ * debounce, and disabled = upstream parity. These use the post-fix API
+ * (SetGiveUpRebind) and are NOT expected to compile on the pre-fix base.
+ */
+
+package device
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func waitOpens(t *testing.T, bind *gateBind, want int) {
+	t.Helper()
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(5 * time.Second)
+	for bind.openCount() < want {
+		if time.Now().After(deadline) {
+			t.Fatalf("bind reopened %d times, want %d", bind.openCount(), want)
+		}
+		time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+}
+
+// Fresh mode (listen_port not pinned): the rebind must ask the OS for a new
+// ephemeral port — Open is called with port 0.
+func TestGiveUpRebindFreshPort(t *testing.T) {
+	pair := newGiveUpPair(t, false)
+	pair.devA.SetGiveUpRebind(true, true)
+
+	triggerGiveUp(t, pair.devA, pair.pkB)
+	waitOpens(t, pair.bindA, 2)
+
+	ports := pair.bindA.portsSnapshot()
+	if ports[1] != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("rebind requested port %d, want 0 (fresh ephemeral)", ports[1])
+	}
+}
+
+// Pinned mode (explicit listen_port): the rebind must keep the current port.
+// chanBind.Open reports its source id (1) as the actual port, so the device
+// stores net.port=1 after the first Open and must reuse it.
+func TestGiveUpRebindPinnedPortPreserved(t *testing.T) {
+	pair := newGiveUpPair(t, false)
+	pair.devA.SetGiveUpRebind(true, false)
+
+	triggerGiveUp(t, pair.devA, pair.pkB)
+	waitOpens(t, pair.bindA, 2)
+
+	ports := pair.bindA.portsSnapshot()
+	if ports[1] != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("rebind requested port %d, want 1 (pinned)", ports[1])
+	}
+}
+
+// A second give-up inside the debounce window must not rebind again.
+func TestGiveUpRebindDebounce(t *testing.T) {
+	pair := newGiveUpPair(t, false)
+
+	triggerGiveUp(t, pair.devA, pair.pkB)
+	waitOpens(t, pair.bindA, 2)
+
+	triggerGiveUp(t, pair.devA, pair.pkB)
+	time.Sleep(300 * time.Millisecond)
+	if got := pair.bindA.openCount(); got != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("debounce failed: bind opened %d times, want 2", got)
+	}
+}
+
+// Disabled: the give-up branch must behave exactly like upstream — flush and
+// stop, no rebind.
+func TestGiveUpRebindDisabled(t *testing.T) {
+	pair := newGiveUpPair(t, false)
+	pair.devA.SetGiveUpRebind(false, false)
+
+	triggerGiveUp(t, pair.devA, pair.pkB)
+	time.Sleep(300 * time.Millisecond)
+	if got := pair.bindA.openCount(); got != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("disabled mechanism still rebound: %d opens, want 1", got)
+	}
+}

device/lx_giveup_selfheal_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ *
+ * lx: SPEC 041 — behavioural red/green test for the handshake give-up
+ * self-heal. Field failure mode (WARP/AWG after device sleep): the per-flow
+ * path state of the socket's 5-tuple dies (expired NAT mapping / poisoned DPI
+ * flow entry), every packet sent from the old socket vanishes, and upstream
+ * wireguard-go retries into that dead socket forever — only a manual
+ * reconnect (new socket, new ephemeral port) heals the peer.
+ *
+ * The test models the dead 5-tuple with a bind whose FIRST socket generation
+ * silently swallows every send; any socket opened after a rebind delivers
+ * normally. It then drives the peer into the give-up branch of
+ * expiredRetransmitHandshake and expects traffic to flow end to end without
+ * any reconnect:
+ *
+ *   - pre-fix (base): give-up only flushes staged packets, the bind is never
+ *     reopened, every retry keeps dying in the first generation -> timeout;
+ *   - post-fix: give-up rebinds the socket and re-initiates -> tunnel comes
+ *     up and the packet arrives.
+ *
+ * This file deliberately uses NO post-fix API, so it compiles and runs RED on
+ * the pre-fix base commit. Reuses the chanBind/chanTun harness from
+ * transport_padding_test.go.
+ */
+
+package device
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"fmt"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/wireguard-go/conn"
+)
+
+// gateBind wraps chanBind: it records every Open (the port argument the
+// device asked for) and silently swallows sends while the socket generation
+// is at most dropOpens — modelling a dead 5-tuple whose packets vanish on the
+// path without any local error.
+type gateBind struct {
+	*chanBind
+	mu        sync.Mutex
+	openPorts []uint16
+	opens     int
+	dropOpens int // swallow sends while opens <= dropOpens
+}
+
+func (b *gateBind) Open(port uint16) ([]conn.ReceiveFunc, uint16, error) {
+	fns, actual, err := b.chanBind.Open(port)
+	b.mu.Lock()
+	b.opens++
+	b.openPorts = append(b.openPorts, port)
+	b.mu.Unlock()
+	return fns, actual, err
+}
+
+func (b *gateBind) Send(bufs [][]byte, ep conn.Endpoint, offset int) error {
+	b.mu.Lock()
+	drop := b.opens <= b.dropOpens
+	b.mu.Unlock()
+	if drop {
+		return nil // the dead 5-tuple: no local error, the packet just vanishes
+	}
+	return b.chanBind.Send(bufs, ep, offset)
+}
+
+func (b *gateBind) openCount() int {
+	b.mu.Lock()
+	defer b.mu.Unlock()
+	return b.opens
+}
+
+func (b *gateBind) portsSnapshot() []uint16 {
+	b.mu.Lock()
+	defer b.mu.Unlock()
+	return append([]uint16(nil), b.openPorts...)
+}
+
+type giveUpPair struct {
+	devA, devB *Device
+	tunA, tunB *chanTun
+	bindA      *gateBind
+	pkB        NoisePublicKey
+}
+
+// newGiveUpPair builds two Up()'d peered devices; devA sits on a gateBind
+// whose first socket generation optionally blackholes all sends.
+func newGiveUpPair(t *testing.T, dropFirstOpen bool) *giveUpPair {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	skA, err := newPrivateKey()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("newPrivateKey A: %v", err)
+	}
+	skB, err := newPrivateKey()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("newPrivateKey B: %v", err)
+	}
+	pkA := skA.publicKey()
+	pkB := skB.publicKey()
+
+	rawA, rawB := newChanBindPair()
+	bindA := &gateBind{chanBind: rawA}
+	if dropFirstOpen {
+		bindA.dropOpens = 1
+	}
+	tunA := newChanTun()
+	tunB := newChanTun()
+
+	devA := NewDevice(context.Background(), tunA, bindA, NewLogger(LogLevelError, "devA: "), 1)
+	devB := NewDevice(context.Background(), tunB, rawB, NewLogger(LogLevelError, "devB: "), 1)
+	t.Cleanup(devA.Close)
+	t.Cleanup(devB.Close)
+
+	cfgA := fmt.Sprintf(
+		"private_key=%s\nreplace_peers=true\npublic_key=%s\nendpoint=127.0.0.1:2\nallowed_ip=%s/32\n",
+		hex.EncodeToString(skA[:]), hex.EncodeToString(pkB[:]), testIPB)
+	cfgB := fmt.Sprintf(
+		"private_key=%s\nreplace_peers=true\npublic_key=%s\nendpoint=127.0.0.1:1\nallowed_ip=%s/32\n",
+		hex.EncodeToString(skB[:]), hex.EncodeToString(pkA[:]), testIPA)
+
+	if err := devA.IpcSet(cfgA); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("IpcSet A: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := devB.IpcSet(cfgB); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("IpcSet B: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := devA.Up(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Up A: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := devB.Up(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Up B: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	return &giveUpPair{devA: devA, devB: devB, tunA: tunA, tunB: tunB, bindA: bindA, pkB: pkB}
+}
+
+// triggerGiveUp drives dev's peer into the give-up branch of
+// expiredRetransmitHandshake exactly the way 90s of unanswered retries would:
+// attempts past the limit, last initiation older than RekeyTimeout.
+func triggerGiveUp(t *testing.T, dev *Device, pk NoisePublicKey) {
+	t.Helper()
+	dev.peers.RLock()
+	peer := dev.peers.keyMap[pk]
+	dev.peers.RUnlock()
+	if peer == nil {
+		t.Fatal("peer not found")
+	}
+	peer.handshake.mutex.Lock()
+	peer.handshake.lastSentHandshake = time.Now().Add(-2 * RekeyTimeout)
+	peer.handshake.mutex.Unlock()
+	peer.timers.handshakeAttempts.Store(MaxTimerHandshakes + 1)
+	expiredRetransmitHandshake(peer)
+}
+
+// TestHandshakeGiveUpSelfHeal: dead first socket, give-up fires — the tunnel
+// must come up and deliver traffic without any reconnect.
+func TestHandshakeGiveUpSelfHeal(t *testing.T) {
+	pair := newGiveUpPair(t, true)
+
+	pkt := buildIPv4Packet(testIPA, testIPB, 8)
+	send := func() { pair.tunA.toDevice <- pkt }
+
+	// Traffic demand: stages the packet and sends the first (blackholed)
+	// initiation, exactly the state a real give-up cycle ends in.
+	send()
+	triggerGiveUp(t, pair.devA, pair.pkB)
+	awaitPacket(t, pair.tunB, pkt, send)
+}

device/lx_ipcget_awg_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ *
+ * Pins the AWG get path: IpcGet must report every obfuscation parameter it
+ * accepted, including i1..i5. The I-slots are emitted by an `i%d=` loop rather
+ * than literal per-key sendf calls, which makes them easy to miss when auditing
+ * introspection parity against amneziawg-go by grep alone.
+ */
+
+package device
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestIpcGetReportsAWGParams(t *testing.T) {
+	sk, err := newPrivateKey()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("newPrivateKey: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	bind, _ := newChanBindPair()
+	dev := NewDevice(context.Background(), newChanTun(), bind, NewLogger(LogLevelError, "dev: "), 1)
+	t.Cleanup(dev.Close)
+
+	set := strings.Join([]string{
+		"private_key=" + hex.EncodeToString(sk[:]),
+		"jc=4", "jmin=40", "jmax=70",
+		"s1=15", "s2=20", "s3=25", "s4=30",
+		"h1=1", "h2=2", "h3=3", "h4=100-200",
+		"i1=<b 0xf6a1>", "i3=<r 8>", "i5=<t>",
+		"",
+	}, "\n")
+	if err := dev.IpcSet(set); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("IpcSet: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	got, err := dev.IpcGet()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("IpcGet: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Logf("IpcGet:\n%s", got)
+
+	for _, want := range []string{
+		"jc=4", "jmin=40", "jmax=70",
+		"s1=15", "s2=20", "s3=25", "s4=30",
+		"h1=1", "h2=2", "h3=3", "h4=100-200",
+		"i1=<b 0xf6a1>", "i3=<r 8>", "i5=<t>",
+	} {
+		if !strings.Contains(got, want) {
+			t.Errorf("IpcGet missing %q", want)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Unset I-slots must stay absent, not surface as empty values.
+	for _, absent := range []string{"i2=", "i4="} {
+		if strings.Contains(got, absent) {
+			t.Errorf("IpcGet reported unset %q", absent)
+		}
+	}
+}

device/lx_stale_rebind_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ *
+ * lx: SPEC 041 v2 — unit tests for the stale predicate, the wake nudge
+ * (RebindIfSessionStale) and the shared debounce across triggers, on top of
+ * the v1 harness (lx_giveup_selfheal_test.go). These use the post-fix API and
+ * are NOT expected to compile on the pre-fix base.
+ */
+
+package device
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// establishTunnel completes a real handshake over a healthy pair so the peer
+// holds a live keypair and a fresh lastHandshakeNano.
+func establishTunnel(t *testing.T, pair *giveUpPair) {
+	t.Helper()
+	pkt := buildIPv4Packet(testIPA, testIPB, 8)
+	send := func() { pair.tunA.toDevice <- pkt }
+	send()
+	awaitPacket(t, pair.tunB, pkt, send)
+}
+
+func peerOf(t *testing.T, dev *Device, pk NoisePublicKey) *Peer {
+	t.Helper()
+	dev.peers.RLock()
+	peer := dev.peers.keyMap[pk]
+	dev.peers.RUnlock()
+	if peer == nil {
+		t.Fatal("peer not found")
+	}
+	return peer
+}
+
+// A cold peer (no keypair yet, nothing to lose): the nudge must rebind and
+// immediately initiate — the tunnel comes up without any traffic demand.
+func TestNudgeRebindsStaleSession(t *testing.T) {
+	pair := newGiveUpPair(t, true)
+
+	if !pair.devA.RebindIfSessionStale() {
+		t.Fatal("nudge on a cold (keypair-less) session must rebind")
+	}
+	waitOpens(t, pair.bindA, 2)
+
+	// The immediate initiation must bring the tunnel up: traffic sent only
+	// AFTER the nudge flows end to end.
+	pkt := buildIPv4Packet(testIPA, testIPB, 8)
+	send := func() { pair.tunA.toDevice <- pkt }
+	send()
+	awaitPacket(t, pair.tunB, pkt, send)
+}
+
+// A healthy session (live keypair, fresh handshake) must be a strict no-op.
+func TestNudgeHealthySessionNoop(t *testing.T) {
+	pair := newGiveUpPair(t, false)
+	establishTunnel(t, pair)
+
+	opens := pair.bindA.openCount()
+	if pair.devA.RebindIfSessionStale() {
+		t.Fatal("nudge on a healthy session must not rebind")
+	}
+	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+	if got := pair.bindA.openCount(); got != opens {
+		t.Fatalf("healthy nudge reopened the bind: %d opens, want %d", got, opens)
+	}
+}
+
+// A live keypair whose last handshake is older than RejectAfterTime is
+// provably dead (the keys are invalid): the nudge must rebind.
+func TestNudgeExpiredHandshakeIsStale(t *testing.T) {
+	pair := newGiveUpPair(t, false)
+	establishTunnel(t, pair)
+
+	peer := peerOf(t, pair.devA, pair.pkB)
+	peer.lastHandshakeNano.Store(time.Now().Add(-RejectAfterTime - time.Second).UnixNano())
+
+	if !pair.devA.RebindIfSessionStale() {
+		t.Fatal("nudge on an expired session must rebind")
+	}
+	waitOpens(t, pair.bindA, 2)
+}
+
+// A down device (how SPEC 020 idle-suspend leaves it) must be a no-op — the
+// nudge never wakes sleepers.
+func TestNudgeDownDeviceNoop(t *testing.T) {
+	pair := newGiveUpPair(t, true)
+
+	if err := pair.devA.Down(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Down: %v", err)
+	}
+	if pair.devA.RebindIfSessionStale() {
+		t.Fatal("nudge on a down device must be a no-op")
+	}
+}
+
+// Pinned listen_port survives the nudge rebind.
+func TestNudgePinnedPortPreserved(t *testing.T) {
+	pair := newGiveUpPair(t, true)
+	pair.devA.SetGiveUpRebind(true, false)
+
+	if !pair.devA.RebindIfSessionStale() {
+		t.Fatal("nudge must rebind a cold session")
+	}
+	waitOpens(t, pair.bindA, 2)
+
+	ports := pair.bindA.portsSnapshot()
+	if ports[1] != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("nudge rebind requested port %d, want 1 (pinned)", ports[1])
+	}
+}
+
+// The debounce window is SHARED across triggers: an early/nudge rebind
+// suppresses the give-up rebind of the same failed series, and a later series
+// (window elapsed) heals again — sliding window, not a latch.
+func TestSharedDebounceAcrossTriggers(t *testing.T) {
+	pair := newGiveUpPair(t, false)
+
+	// First trigger of the series: nudge.
+	if !pair.devA.RebindIfSessionStale() {
+		t.Fatal("first nudge must rebind")
+	}
+	waitOpens(t, pair.bindA, 2)
+
+	// The give-up of the same series lands inside the window: suppressed.
+	triggerGiveUp(t, pair.devA, pair.pkB)
+	time.Sleep(300 * time.Millisecond)
+	if got := pair.bindA.openCount(); got != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("give-up inside the shared window rebound: %d opens, want 2", got)
+	}
+
+	// Next series: age the window as wall clocks would — heals again.
+	pair.devA.giveUpRebind.last.Store(time.Now().Add(-RekeyAttemptTime - time.Second).Unix())
+	triggerGiveUp(t, pair.devA, pair.pkB)
+	waitOpens(t, pair.bindA, 3)
+}
+
+// The early trigger must NOT fire before enough initiations went unanswered,
+// even against a provably dead session.
+func TestEarlyRebindNeedsMinAttempts(t *testing.T) {
+	pair := newGiveUpPair(t, true)
+	peer := peerOf(t, pair.devA, pair.pkB)
+
+	peer.handshake.mutex.Lock()
+	peer.handshake.lastSentHandshake = time.Now().Add(-2 * RekeyTimeout)
+	peer.handshake.mutex.Unlock()
+	peer.timers.handshakeAttempts.Store(0) // this expiry brings it to 1 (< min)
+	expiredRetransmitHandshake(peer)
+
+	time.Sleep(300 * time.Millisecond)
+	if got := pair.bindA.openCount(); got != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("early rebind fired below the attempt floor: %d opens, want 1", got)
+	}
+}
+
+// A fresh session (live keypair, recent handshake) must keep the retry branch
+// byte-for-byte upstream even past the attempt floor: no rebind.
+func TestEarlyRebindFreshSessionNoop(t *testing.T) {
+	pair := newGiveUpPair(t, false)
+	establishTunnel(t, pair)
+	peer := peerOf(t, pair.devA, pair.pkB)
+
+	opens := pair.bindA.openCount()
+	peer.handshake.mutex.Lock()
+	peer.handshake.lastSentHandshake = time.Now().Add(-2 * RekeyTimeout)
+	peer.handshake.mutex.Unlock()
+	peer.timers.handshakeAttempts.Store(earlyGiveUpMinAttempts)
+	expiredRetransmitHandshake(peer)
+
+	time.Sleep(300 * time.Millisecond)
+	if got := pair.bindA.openCount(); got != opens {
+		t.Fatalf("early rebind fired on a fresh session: %d opens, want %d", got, opens)
+	}
+}
+
+// Nudge racing Close: no panic, no deadlock, no race-detector report.
+func TestNudgeRacesClose(t *testing.T) {
+	for i := 0; i < 25; i++ {
+		pair := newGiveUpPair(t, false)
+		var wg sync.WaitGroup
+		wg.Add(2)
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			pair.devA.RebindIfSessionStale()
+		}()
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			pair.devA.Close()
+		}()
+		wg.Wait()
+	}
+}
+
+// Nudge racing Down/Up (the SPEC 020 suspend/resume shape): the device must
+// end consistent — up, with a live bind.
+func TestNudgeRacesSuspend(t *testing.T) {
+	for i := 0; i < 25; i++ {
+		pair := newGiveUpPair(t, false)
+		var wg sync.WaitGroup
+		wg.Add(2)
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			pair.devA.RebindIfSessionStale()
+		}()
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			if err := pair.devA.Down(); err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("Down: %v", err)
+			}
+			if err := pair.devA.Up(); err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("Up: %v", err)
+			}
+		}()
+		wg.Wait()
+
+		pair.devA.net.RLock()
+		bindAlive := pair.devA.net.bind != nil
+		pair.devA.net.RUnlock()
+		if !bindAlive || !pair.devA.isUp() {
+			t.Fatalf("iteration %d: device inconsistent after nudge/suspend race (bind=%v up=%v)",
+				i, bindAlive, pair.devA.isUp())
+		}
+		pair.devA.Close()
+		pair.devB.Close()
+	}
+}

device/magic-header.go

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+package device
+
+import (
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"math/big"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+type magicHeader struct {
+	start uint32
+	end   uint32
+}
+
+func newMagicHeader(spec string) (*magicHeader, error) {
+	parts := strings.Split(spec, "-")
+	if len(parts) < 1 || len(parts) > 2 {
+		return nil, errors.New("bad format")
+	}
+
+	start, err := strconv.ParseUint(parts[0], 10, 32)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse %s: %w", parts[0], err)
+	}
+
+	var end uint64
+	if len(parts) > 1 {
+		end, err = strconv.ParseUint(parts[1], 10, 32)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse %s: %w", parts[1], err)
+		}
+	} else {
+		end = start
+	}
+
+	if end < start {
+		return nil, errors.New("wrong range specified")
+	}
+
+	return &magicHeader{
+		start: uint32(start),
+		end:   uint32(end),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (h *magicHeader) GenSpec() string {
+	if h.start == h.end {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%d", h.start)
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%d-%d", h.start, h.end)
+}
+
+func (h *magicHeader) Validate(val uint32) bool {
+	return h.start <= val && val <= h.end
+}
+
+func (h *magicHeader) Generate() uint32 {
+	// Widen before arithmetic: end-start+1 in uint32 wraps to 0 for the
+	// full 0..2^32-1 range, which would panic rand.Int (bound <= 0).
+	high := int64(h.end) - int64(h.start) + 1
+	r, _ := rand.Int(rand.Reader, big.NewInt(high))
+	return h.start + uint32(r.Int64())
+}

device/mobilequirks.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device

device/noise-helpers.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device

device/noise-protocol.go

@@ -1,21 +1,22 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device
 
 import (
+	"encoding/binary"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/sagernet/wireguard-go/conn"
+	"github.com/sagernet/wireguard-go/tai64n"
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/blake2s"
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/chacha20poly1305"
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/poly1305"
-
-	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tai64n"
 )
 
 type handshakeState int
@@ -53,10 +54,11 @@ const (
 )
 
 const (
-	MessageInitiationType  = 1
-	MessageResponseType    = 2
-	MessageCookieReplyType = 3
-	MessageTransportType   = 4
+	MessageUnknownType     uint32 = 0
+	MessageInitiationType  uint32 = 1
+	MessageResponseType    uint32 = 2
+	MessageCookieReplyType uint32 = 3
+	MessageTransportType   uint32 = 4
 )
 
 const (
@@ -64,6 +66,7 @@ const (
 	MessageResponseSize               = 92                                            // size of response message
 	MessageCookieReplySize            = 64                                            // size of cookie reply message
 	MessageTransportHeaderSize        = 16                                            // size of data preceding content in transport message
+	MessageEncapsulatingTransportSize = 0                                             // lx: zeroed so AmneziaWG obfuscation composes without sagernet headroom (AWG path doesn't use the Bind.Send prepend)
 	MessageTransportSize              = MessageTransportHeaderSize + poly1305.TagSize // size of empty transport
 	MessageKeepaliveSize              = MessageTransportSize                          // size of keepalive
 	MessageHandshakeSize              = MessageInitiationSize                         // size of largest handshake related message
@@ -115,6 +118,98 @@ type MessageCookieReply struct {
 	Cookie   [blake2s.Size128 + poly1305.TagSize]byte
 }
 
+var errMessageLengthMismatch = errors.New("message length mismatch")
+
+func (msg *MessageInitiation) unmarshal(b []byte) error {
+	if len(b) != MessageInitiationSize {
+		return errMessageLengthMismatch
+	}
+
+	msg.Type = binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(b)
+	msg.Sender = binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(b[4:])
+	copy(msg.Ephemeral[:], b[8:])
+	copy(msg.Static[:], b[8+len(msg.Ephemeral):])
+	copy(msg.Timestamp[:], b[8+len(msg.Ephemeral)+len(msg.Static):])
+	copy(msg.MAC1[:], b[8+len(msg.Ephemeral)+len(msg.Static)+len(msg.Timestamp):])
+	copy(msg.MAC2[:], b[8+len(msg.Ephemeral)+len(msg.Static)+len(msg.Timestamp)+len(msg.MAC1):])
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (msg *MessageInitiation) marshal(b []byte) error {
+	if len(b) != MessageInitiationSize {
+		return errMessageLengthMismatch
+	}
+
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(b, msg.Type)
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(b[4:], msg.Sender)
+	copy(b[8:], msg.Ephemeral[:])
+	copy(b[8+len(msg.Ephemeral):], msg.Static[:])
+	copy(b[8+len(msg.Ephemeral)+len(msg.Static):], msg.Timestamp[:])
+	copy(b[8+len(msg.Ephemeral)+len(msg.Static)+len(msg.Timestamp):], msg.MAC1[:])
+	copy(b[8+len(msg.Ephemeral)+len(msg.Static)+len(msg.Timestamp)+len(msg.MAC1):], msg.MAC2[:])
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (msg *MessageResponse) unmarshal(b []byte) error {
+	if len(b) != MessageResponseSize {
+		return errMessageLengthMismatch
+	}
+
+	msg.Type = binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(b)
+	msg.Sender = binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(b[4:])
+	msg.Receiver = binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(b[8:])
+	copy(msg.Ephemeral[:], b[12:])
+	copy(msg.Empty[:], b[12+len(msg.Ephemeral):])
+	copy(msg.MAC1[:], b[12+len(msg.Ephemeral)+len(msg.Empty):])
+	copy(msg.MAC2[:], b[12+len(msg.Ephemeral)+len(msg.Empty)+len(msg.MAC1):])
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (msg *MessageResponse) marshal(b []byte) error {
+	if len(b) != MessageResponseSize {
+		return errMessageLengthMismatch
+	}
+
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(b, msg.Type)
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(b[4:], msg.Sender)
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(b[8:], msg.Receiver)
+	copy(b[12:], msg.Ephemeral[:])
+	copy(b[12+len(msg.Ephemeral):], msg.Empty[:])
+	copy(b[12+len(msg.Ephemeral)+len(msg.Empty):], msg.MAC1[:])
+	copy(b[12+len(msg.Ephemeral)+len(msg.Empty)+len(msg.MAC1):], msg.MAC2[:])
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (msg *MessageCookieReply) unmarshal(b []byte) error {
+	if len(b) != MessageCookieReplySize {
+		return errMessageLengthMismatch
+	}
+
+	msg.Type = binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(b)
+	msg.Receiver = binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(b[4:])
+	copy(msg.Nonce[:], b[8:])
+	copy(msg.Cookie[:], b[8+len(msg.Nonce):])
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (msg *MessageCookieReply) marshal(b []byte) error {
+	if len(b) != MessageCookieReplySize {
+		return errMessageLengthMismatch
+	}
+
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(b, msg.Type)
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(b[4:], msg.Receiver)
+	copy(b[8:], msg.Nonce[:])
+	copy(b[8+len(msg.Nonce):], msg.Cookie[:])
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 type Handshake struct {
 	state                     handshakeState
 	mutex                     sync.RWMutex
@@ -124,7 +219,7 @@ type Handshake struct {
 	localEphemeral            NoisePrivateKey          // ephemeral secret key
 	localIndex                uint32                   // used to clear hash-table
 	remoteIndex               uint32                   // index for sending
-	remoteStatic              NoisePublicKey           // long term key
+	remoteStatic              NoisePublicKey           // long term key, never changes, can be accessed without mutex
 	remoteEphemeral           NoisePublicKey           // ephemeral public key
 	precomputedStaticStatic   [NoisePublicKeySize]byte // precomputed shared secret
 	lastTimestamp             tai64n.Timestamp
@@ -193,8 +288,10 @@ func (device *Device) CreateMessageInitiation(peer *Peer) (*MessageInitiation, e
 
 	handshake.mixHash(handshake.remoteStatic[:])
 
+	msgType := device.headers.init.Generate()
+
 	msg := MessageInitiation{
-		Type:      MessageInitiationType,
+		Type:      msgType,
 		Ephemeral: handshake.localEphemeral.publicKey(),
 	}
 
@@ -244,7 +341,7 @@ func (device *Device) CreateMessageInitiation(peer *Peer) (*MessageInitiation, e
 	return &msg, nil
 }
 
-func (device *Device) ConsumeMessageInitiation(msg *MessageInitiation) *Peer {
+func (device *Device) ConsumeMessageInitiation(msg *MessageInitiation, endpoint conn.Endpoint) *Peer {
 	var (
 		hash     [blake2s.Size]byte
 		chainKey [blake2s.Size]byte
@@ -254,17 +351,22 @@ func (device *Device) ConsumeMessageInitiation(msg *MessageInitiation) *Peer {
 		return nil
 	}
 
+	// Snapshot staticIdentity so we don't hold the RLock across LookupPeer,
+	// which may call NewPeer (reentrant RLock deadlocks against a pending
+	// SetPrivateKey writer; see lock-ordering.md).
 	device.staticIdentity.RLock()
-	defer device.staticIdentity.RUnlock()
+	publicKey := device.staticIdentity.publicKey
+	privateKey := device.staticIdentity.privateKey
+	device.staticIdentity.RUnlock()
 
-	mixHash(&hash, &InitialHash, device.staticIdentity.publicKey[:])
+	mixHash(&hash, &InitialHash, publicKey[:])
 	mixHash(&hash, &hash, msg.Ephemeral[:])
 	mixKey(&chainKey, &InitialChainKey, msg.Ephemeral[:])
 
 	// decrypt static key
 	var peerPK NoisePublicKey
 	var key [chacha20poly1305.KeySize]byte
-	ss, err := device.staticIdentity.privateKey.sharedSecret(msg.Ephemeral)
+	ss, err := privateKey.sharedSecret(msg.Ephemeral)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -278,6 +380,11 @@ func (device *Device) ConsumeMessageInitiation(msg *MessageInitiation) *Peer {
 
 	// lookup peer
 
+	initEP, ok := endpoint.(conn.InitiationAwareEndpoint)
+	if ok {
+		initEP.InitiationMessagePublicKey(peerPK)
+	}
+
 	peer := device.LookupPeer(peerPK)
 	if peer == nil || !peer.isRunning.Load() {
 		return nil
@@ -367,7 +474,7 @@ func (device *Device) CreateMessageResponse(peer *Peer) (*MessageResponse, error
 	}
 
 	var msg MessageResponse
-	msg.Type = MessageResponseType
+	msg.Type = device.headers.response.Generate()
 	msg.Sender = handshake.localIndex
 	msg.Receiver = handshake.remoteIndex
 
@@ -434,6 +541,14 @@ func (device *Device) ConsumeMessageResponse(msg *MessageResponse) *Peer {
 		chainKey [blake2s.Size]byte
 	)
 
+	// Snapshot the static private key before acquiring handshake.mutex so
+	// that handshake.mutex is never held while acquiring staticIdentity
+	// (which would invert the staticIdentity < handshake.mutex hierarchy;
+	// see lock-ordering.md).
+	device.staticIdentity.RLock()
+	privateKey := device.staticIdentity.privateKey
+	device.staticIdentity.RUnlock()
+
 	ok := func() bool {
 		// lock handshake state
 
@@ -444,11 +559,6 @@ func (device *Device) ConsumeMessageResponse(msg *MessageResponse) *Peer {
 			return false
 		}
 
-		// lock private key for reading
-
-		device.staticIdentity.RLock()
-		defer device.staticIdentity.RUnlock()
-
 		// finish 3-way DH
 
 		mixHash(&hash, &handshake.hash, msg.Ephemeral[:])
@@ -461,7 +571,7 @@ func (device *Device) ConsumeMessageResponse(msg *MessageResponse) *Peer {
 		mixKey(&chainKey, &chainKey, ss[:])
 		setZero(ss[:])
 
-		ss, err = device.staticIdentity.privateKey.sharedSecret(msg.Ephemeral)
+		ss, err = privateKey.sharedSecret(msg.Ephemeral)
 		if err != nil {
 			return false
 		}

device/noise-types.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device

device/noise_test.go

@@ -1,179 +0,0 @@
-/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
- */
-
-package device
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"encoding/binary"
-	"testing"
-
-	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/conn"
-	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun/tuntest"
-)
-
-func TestCurveWrappers(t *testing.T) {
-	sk1, err := newPrivateKey()
-	assertNil(t, err)
-
-	sk2, err := newPrivateKey()
-	assertNil(t, err)
-
-	pk1 := sk1.publicKey()
-	pk2 := sk2.publicKey()
-
-	ss1, err1 := sk1.sharedSecret(pk2)
-	ss2, err2 := sk2.sharedSecret(pk1)
-
-	if ss1 != ss2 || err1 != nil || err2 != nil {
-		t.Fatal("Failed to compute shared secet")
-	}
-}
-
-func randDevice(t *testing.T) *Device {
-	sk, err := newPrivateKey()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	tun := tuntest.NewChannelTUN()
-	logger := NewLogger(LogLevelError, "")
-	device := NewDevice(tun.TUN(), conn.NewDefaultBind(), logger)
-	device.SetPrivateKey(sk)
-	return device
-}
-
-func assertNil(t *testing.T, err error) {
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-}
-
-func assertEqual(t *testing.T, a, b []byte) {
-	if !bytes.Equal(a, b) {
-		t.Fatal(a, "!=", b)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestNoiseHandshake(t *testing.T) {
-	dev1 := randDevice(t)
-	dev2 := randDevice(t)
-
-	defer dev1.Close()
-	defer dev2.Close()
-
-	peer1, err := dev2.NewPeer(dev1.staticIdentity.privateKey.publicKey())
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	peer2, err := dev1.NewPeer(dev2.staticIdentity.privateKey.publicKey())
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	peer1.Start()
-	peer2.Start()
-
-	assertEqual(
-		t,
-		peer1.handshake.precomputedStaticStatic[:],
-		peer2.handshake.precomputedStaticStatic[:],
-	)
-
-	/* simulate handshake */
-
-	// initiation message
-
-	t.Log("exchange initiation message")
-
-	msg1, err := dev1.CreateMessageInitiation(peer2)
-	assertNil(t, err)
-
-	packet := make([]byte, 0, 256)
-	writer := bytes.NewBuffer(packet)
-	err = binary.Write(writer, binary.LittleEndian, msg1)
-	assertNil(t, err)
-	peer := dev2.ConsumeMessageInitiation(msg1)
-	if peer == nil {
-		t.Fatal("handshake failed at initiation message")
-	}
-
-	assertEqual(
-		t,
-		peer1.handshake.chainKey[:],
-		peer2.handshake.chainKey[:],
-	)
-
-	assertEqual(
-		t,
-		peer1.handshake.hash[:],
-		peer2.handshake.hash[:],
-	)
-
-	// response message
-
-	t.Log("exchange response message")
-
-	msg2, err := dev2.CreateMessageResponse(peer1)
-	assertNil(t, err)
-
-	peer = dev1.ConsumeMessageResponse(msg2)
-	if peer == nil {
-		t.Fatal("handshake failed at response message")
-	}
-
-	assertEqual(
-		t,
-		peer1.handshake.chainKey[:],
-		peer2.handshake.chainKey[:],
-	)
-
-	assertEqual(
-		t,
-		peer1.handshake.hash[:],
-		peer2.handshake.hash[:],
-	)
-
-	// key pairs
-
-	t.Log("deriving keys")
-
-	err = peer1.BeginSymmetricSession()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal("failed to derive keypair for peer 1", err)
-	}
-
-	err = peer2.BeginSymmetricSession()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal("failed to derive keypair for peer 2", err)
-	}
-
-	key1 := peer1.keypairs.next.Load()
-	key2 := peer2.keypairs.current
-
-	// encrypting / decryption test
-
-	t.Log("test key pairs")
-
-	func() {
-		testMsg := []byte("wireguard test message 1")
-		var err error
-		var out []byte
-		var nonce [12]byte
-		out = key1.send.Seal(out, nonce[:], testMsg, nil)
-		out, err = key2.receive.Open(out[:0], nonce[:], out, nil)
-		assertNil(t, err)
-		assertEqual(t, out, testMsg)
-	}()
-
-	func() {
-		testMsg := []byte("wireguard test message 2")
-		var err error
-		var out []byte
-		var nonce [12]byte
-		out = key2.send.Seal(out, nonce[:], testMsg, nil)
-		out, err = key1.receive.Open(out[:0], nonce[:], out, nil)
-		assertNil(t, err)
-		assertEqual(t, out, testMsg)
-	}()
-}

device/obf.go

@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+package device
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+type obfBuilder func(val string) (obf, error)
+
+// parseObfLen parses and bounds an obfuscator length argument: a negative
+// value would panic slice bounds in obfChain.Obfuscate, a huge one would
+// OOM in the handshake-time make (SendHandshakeInitiation).
+func parseObfLen(val string) (int, error) {
+	length, err := strconv.Atoi(val)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if length < 0 || length > MaxMessageSize {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("obfuscator length %d out of range [0, %d]", length, MaxMessageSize)
+	}
+	return length, nil
+}
+
+var obfBuilders = map[string]obfBuilder{
+	"b":  newBytesObf,
+	"t":  newTimestampObf,
+	"r":  newRandObf,
+	"rc": newRandCharObf,
+	"rd": newRandDigitsObf,
+	"d":  newDataObf,
+	"ds": newDataStringObf,
+	"dz": newDataSizeObf,
+}
+
+type obf interface {
+	Obfuscate(dst, src []byte)
+	Deobfuscate(dst, src []byte) bool
+	ObfuscatedLen(srcLen int) int
+	DeobfuscatedLen(srcLen int) int
+}
+
+type obfChain struct {
+	Spec string
+	obfs []obf
+}
+
+func newObfChain(spec string) (*obfChain, error) {
+	var (
+		obfs []obf
+		errs []error
+	)
+
+	remaining := spec[:]
+	for {
+		start := strings.IndexByte(remaining, '<')
+		if start == -1 {
+			break
+		}
+
+		end := strings.IndexByte(remaining[start:], '>')
+		if end == -1 {
+			return nil, errors.New("missing enclosing >")
+		}
+		end += start
+
+		tag := remaining[start+1 : end]
+		parts := strings.Fields(tag)
+		if len(parts) == 0 {
+			errs = append(errs, errors.New("empty tag"))
+			remaining = remaining[end+1:]
+			continue
+		}
+
+		key := parts[0]
+		builder, ok := obfBuilders[key]
+		if !ok {
+			errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("unknown tag <%s>", key))
+			remaining = remaining[end+1:]
+			continue
+		}
+
+		val := ""
+		if len(parts) > 1 {
+			val = parts[1]
+		}
+
+		o, err := builder(val)
+		if err != nil {
+			errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("failed to build <%s>: %w", key, err))
+			remaining = remaining[end+1:]
+			continue
+		}
+
+		obfs = append(obfs, o)
+		remaining = remaining[end+1:]
+	}
+
+	if len(errs) > 0 {
+		return nil, errors.Join(errs...)
+	}
+
+	return &obfChain{
+		Spec: spec,
+		obfs: obfs,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (c *obfChain) Obfuscate(dst, src []byte) {
+	written := 0
+	for _, o := range c.obfs {
+		obfLen := o.ObfuscatedLen(len(src))
+		o.Obfuscate(dst[written:written+obfLen], src)
+		written += obfLen
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *obfChain) Deobfuscate(dst, src []byte) bool {
+	dynamicLen := len(src) - c.ObfuscatedLen(0)
+
+	written, read := 0, 0
+
+	for _, o := range c.obfs {
+		deobfLen := o.DeobfuscatedLen(dynamicLen)
+		obfLen := o.ObfuscatedLen(deobfLen)
+
+		if !o.Deobfuscate(dst[written:written+deobfLen], src[read:read+obfLen]) {
+			return false
+		}
+
+		written += deobfLen
+		read += obfLen
+	}
+
+	return true
+}
+
+func (c *obfChain) ObfuscatedLen(n int) int {
+	total := 0
+	for _, o := range c.obfs {
+		total += o.ObfuscatedLen(n)
+	}
+	return total
+}
+
+func (c *obfChain) DeobfuscatedLen(n int) int {
+	dynamicLen := n - c.ObfuscatedLen(0)
+
+	total := 0
+	for _, o := range c.obfs {
+		total += o.DeobfuscatedLen(dynamicLen)
+	}
+	return total
+}

device/obf_bytes.go

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package device
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"errors"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+func newBytesObf(val string) (obf, error) {
+	val = strings.TrimPrefix(val, "0x")
+
+	if len(val) == 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("empty argument")
+	}
+
+	if len(val)%2 != 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("odd amount of symbols")
+	}
+
+	bytes, err := hex.DecodeString(val)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return &bytesObf{data: bytes}, nil
+}
+
+type bytesObf struct {
+	data []byte
+}
+
+func (o *bytesObf) Obfuscate(dst, src []byte) {
+	copy(dst, o.data)
+}
+
+func (o *bytesObf) Deobfuscate(dst, src []byte) bool {
+	return bytes.Equal(o.data, src[:o.ObfuscatedLen(0)])
+}
+
+func (o *bytesObf) ObfuscatedLen(srcLen int) int {
+	return len(o.data)
+}
+
+func (o *bytesObf) DeobfuscatedLen(srcLen int) int {
+	return 0
+}

device/obf_data.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package device
+
+func newDataObf(val string) (obf, error) {
+	return &dataObf{}, nil
+}
+
+type dataObf struct {
+}
+
+func (obf *dataObf) Obfuscate(dst, src []byte) {
+	copy(dst, src)
+}
+
+func (obf *dataObf) Deobfuscate(dst, src []byte) bool {
+	copy(dst, src)
+	return true
+}
+
+func (o *dataObf) ObfuscatedLen(n int) int {
+	return n
+}
+
+func (o *dataObf) DeobfuscatedLen(n int) int {
+	return n
+}

device/obf_datasize.go

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+package device
+
+func newDataSizeObf(val string) (obf, error) {
+	length, err := parseObfLen(val)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return &dataSizeObf{
+		length: length,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+type dataSizeObf struct {
+	length int
+}
+
+func (o *dataSizeObf) Obfuscate(dst, src []byte) {
+	srcLen := len(src)
+	for i := o.length - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+		dst[i] = byte(srcLen & 0xFF)
+		srcLen >>= 8
+	}
+}
+
+func (o *dataSizeObf) Deobfuscate(dst, src []byte) bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+func (o *dataSizeObf) ObfuscatedLen(srcLen int) int {
+	return o.length
+}
+
+func (o *dataSizeObf) DeobfuscatedLen(srcLen int) int {
+	return 0
+}

device/obf_datastring.go

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+package device
+
+import (
+	"encoding/base64"
+)
+
+func newDataStringObf(val string) (obf, error) {
+	return &dataStringObf{}, nil
+}
+
+type dataStringObf struct {
+}
+
+func (o *dataStringObf) Obfuscate(dst, src []byte) {
+	base64.RawStdEncoding.Encode(dst, src)
+}
+
+func (o *dataStringObf) Deobfuscate(dst, src []byte) bool {
+	base64.RawStdEncoding.Decode(dst, src)
+	return true
+}
+
+func (o *dataStringObf) ObfuscatedLen(n int) int {
+	return base64.RawStdEncoding.EncodedLen(n)
+}
+
+func (o *dataStringObf) DeobfuscatedLen(n int) int {
+	return base64.RawStdEncoding.DecodedLen(n)
+}

device/obf_guards_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ *
+ * Guards around AWG obfuscation config values: these tests pin the
+ * crash-on-config-value fixes (swapped jmin/jmax, out-of-range obfuscator
+ * lengths, full-range magic headers).
+ */
+
+package device
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestParseObfLen(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		val     string
+		want    int
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{"0", 0, false},
+		{"100", 100, false},
+		{fmt.Sprintf("%d", MaxMessageSize), MaxMessageSize, false},
+		{"-1", 0, true}, // would panic slice bounds in Obfuscate
+		{fmt.Sprintf("%d", MaxMessageSize+1), 0, true}, // would OOM the handshake make
+		{"2000000000", 0, true},
+		{"abc", 0, true},
+	}
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		got, err := parseObfLen(c.val)
+		if c.wantErr != (err != nil) {
+			t.Errorf("parseObfLen(%q): err = %v, wantErr = %v", c.val, err, c.wantErr)
+		}
+		if err == nil && got != c.want {
+			t.Errorf("parseObfLen(%q) = %d, want %d", c.val, got, c.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMagicHeaderGenerateFullRange(t *testing.T) {
+	// end-start+1 computed in uint32 wraps to 0 for the full range and
+	// panics rand.Int; the fix widens to int64 before the arithmetic.
+	h := &magicHeader{start: 0, end: ^uint32(0)}
+	for i := 0; i < 8; i++ {
+		v := h.Generate()
+		if !h.Validate(v) {
+			t.Fatalf("generated value %d outside range", v)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// TestJunkSwappedBounds brings up a device pair whose junk config has
+// jmin > jmax (passes per-field UAPI validation); without the swap guard
+// the first handshake panics rand.Int with a non-positive bound.
+func TestJunkSwappedBounds(t *testing.T) {
+	skA, err := newPrivateKey()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("newPrivateKey A: %v", err)
+	}
+	skB, err := newPrivateKey()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("newPrivateKey B: %v", err)
+	}
+	pkA := skA.publicKey()
+	pkB := skB.publicKey()
+
+	bindA, bindB := newChanBindPair()
+	tunA := newChanTun()
+	tunB := newChanTun()
+
+	devA := NewDevice(context.Background(), tunA, bindA, NewLogger(LogLevelError, "devA: "), 1)
+	devB := NewDevice(context.Background(), tunB, bindB, NewLogger(LogLevelError, "devB: "), 1)
+	t.Cleanup(devA.Close)
+	t.Cleanup(devB.Close)
+
+	// jmin deliberately greater than jmax: each field alone is valid.
+	junk := "jc=2\njmin=100\njmax=50\n"
+	cfgA := fmt.Sprintf(
+		"private_key=%s\n%sreplace_peers=true\npublic_key=%s\nendpoint=127.0.0.1:2\nallowed_ip=%s/32\n",
+		hex.EncodeToString(skA[:]), junk, hex.EncodeToString(pkB[:]), testIPB)
+	cfgB := fmt.Sprintf(
+		"private_key=%s\n%sreplace_peers=true\npublic_key=%s\nendpoint=127.0.0.1:1\nallowed_ip=%s/32\n",
+		hex.EncodeToString(skB[:]), junk, hex.EncodeToString(pkA[:]), testIPA)
+
+	if err := devA.IpcSet(cfgA); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("IpcSet A: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := devB.IpcSet(cfgB); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("IpcSet B: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := devA.Up(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Up A: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := devB.Up(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Up B: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Drive a packet end-to-end: the handshake (junk packets included)
+	// must complete without panicking the process.
+	pkt := buildIPv4Packet(testIPA, testIPB, 28)
+	devA.InputPacket(testIPB.AsSlice(), [][]byte{pkt})
+	awaitPacket(t, tunB, pkt, func() {
+		devA.InputPacket(testIPB.AsSlice(), [][]byte{pkt})
+	})
+}

device/obf_rand.go

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package device
+
+import (
+	"crypto/rand"
+)
+
+func newRandObf(val string) (obf, error) {
+	length, err := parseObfLen(val)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return &randObf{
+		length: length,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+type randObf struct {
+	length int
+}
+
+func (o *randObf) Obfuscate(dst, src []byte) {
+	rand.Read(dst[:o.length])
+}
+
+func (o *randObf) Deobfuscate(dst, src []byte) bool {
+	// there is no way to validate randomness :)
+	// assume that it is always true
+	return true
+}
+
+func (o *randObf) ObfuscatedLen(n int) int {
+	return o.length
+}
+
+func (o *randObf) DeobfuscatedLen(n int) int {
+	return 0
+}

device/obf_randchars.go

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package device
+
+import (
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"unicode"
+)
+
+const chars52 = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
+
+func newRandCharObf(val string) (obf, error) {
+	length, err := parseObfLen(val)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return &randCharObf{
+		length: length,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+type randCharObf struct {
+	length int
+}
+
+func (o *randCharObf) Obfuscate(dst, src []byte) {
+	rand.Read(dst[:o.length])
+	for i := range dst[:o.length] {
+		dst[i] = chars52[dst[i]%52]
+	}
+}
+
+func (o *randCharObf) Deobfuscate(dst, src []byte) bool {
+	for _, b := range src[:o.length] {
+		if !unicode.IsLetter(rune(b)) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func (o *randCharObf) ObfuscatedLen(n int) int {
+	return o.length
+}
+
+func (o *randCharObf) DeobfuscatedLen(n int) int {
+	return 0
+}

device/obf_randdigits.go

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package device
+
+import (
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"unicode"
+)
+
+const digits10 = "0123456789"
+
+func newRandDigitsObf(val string) (obf, error) {
+	length, err := parseObfLen(val)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return &randDigitObf{
+		length: length,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+type randDigitObf struct {
+	length int
+}
+
+func (o *randDigitObf) Obfuscate(dst, src []byte) {
+	rand.Read(dst[:o.length])
+	for i := range dst[:o.length] {
+		dst[i] = digits10[dst[i]%10]
+	}
+}
+
+func (o *randDigitObf) Deobfuscate(dst, src []byte) bool {
+	for _, b := range src[:o.length] {
+		if !unicode.IsDigit(rune(b)) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func (o *randDigitObf) ObfuscatedLen(n int) int {
+	return o.length
+}
+
+func (o *randDigitObf) DeobfuscatedLen(n int) int {
+	return 0
+}

device/obf_timestamp.go

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package device
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func newTimestampObf(_ string) (obf, error) {
+	return &timestampObf{}, nil
+}
+
+type timestampObf struct{}
+
+func (o *timestampObf) Obfuscate(dst, src []byte) {
+	t := uint32(time.Now().Unix())
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(dst, t)
+}
+
+func (o *timestampObf) Deobfuscate(dst, src []byte) bool {
+	// replay attack check?
+	// requires time to be always synchronized
+	return true
+}
+
+func (o *timestampObf) ObfuscatedLen(n int) int {
+	return 4
+}
+
+func (o *timestampObf) DeobfuscatedLen(n int) int {
+	return 0
+}

device/peer.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device
@@ -8,11 +8,13 @@ package device
 import (
 	"container/list"
 	"errors"
+	"net/netip"
+	"slices"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
-	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/conn"
+	"github.com/sagernet/wireguard-go/conn"
 )
 
 type Peer struct {
@@ -25,6 +27,20 @@ type Peer struct {
 	rxBytes           atomic.Uint64  // bytes received from peer
 	lastHandshakeNano atomic.Int64   // nano seconds since epoch
 
+	sessionState struct {
+		sync.Mutex
+		current        PeerSessionState
+		sessionExpires time.Time
+	}
+
+	queuedOutboundPackets atomic.Int32 // packets in staged+outbound queues, for input backpressure
+
+	// deleteOnIdle indicates whether the peer should be deleted when idle
+	// because it was auto-created via a Device.PeerLookupFunc.
+	//
+	// This field should only be set once, before the peer is started.
+	deleteOnIdle bool
+
 	endpoint struct {
 		sync.Mutex
 		val            conn.Endpoint
@@ -36,6 +52,7 @@ type Peer struct {
 		retransmitHandshake     *Timer
 		sendKeepalive           *Timer
 		newHandshake            *Timer
+		sessionExpired          *Timer
 		zeroKeyMaterial         *Timer
 		persistentKeepalive     *Timer
 		handshakeAttempts       atomic.Uint32
@@ -44,7 +61,14 @@ type Peer struct {
 	}
 
 	state struct {
-		sync.Mutex // protects against concurrent Start/Stop
+		sync.Mutex // protects against concurrent Start/Stop, and fields below
+
+		allowedIPs []netip.Prefix
+
+		// testAllowedIP, if non-nil, is used to test whether the peer is
+		// allowed to send a packet from the given IP address. It can be read
+		// without locking, but must be set with the state mutex locked.
+		testAllowedIP atomic.Pointer[func(netip.Addr) bool]
 	}
 
 	queue struct {
@@ -87,7 +111,7 @@ func (device *Device) NewPeer(pk NoisePublicKey) (*Peer, error) {
 	// map public key
 	_, ok := device.peers.keyMap[pk]
 	if ok {
-		return nil, errors.New("adding existing peer")
+		return nil, errAddExistingPeer
 	}
 
 	// pre-compute DH
@@ -113,6 +137,30 @@ func (device *Device) NewPeer(pk NoisePublicKey) (*Peer, error) {
 	return peer, nil
 }
 
+// SetAllowedIPs sets the allowed IP prefixes for this peer.
+//
+// If the allowedIPs are unchanged since the last call, this method is a no-op.
+// It's the caller's responsibility to ensure that no two peers have duplicate
+// allowed IPs. If so, the last writer wins.
+func (p *Peer) SetAllowedIPs(allowedIPs []netip.Prefix) {
+	p.state.Lock()
+	defer p.state.Unlock()
+
+	if slices.Equal(p.state.allowedIPs, allowedIPs) {
+		return
+	}
+	p.device.allowedips.setPeerPrefixes(p, allowedIPs)
+
+	allowedIPs = slices.Clone(allowedIPs) // avoid retaining caller's slice
+	p.state.allowedIPs = allowedIPs
+
+	f := mkIPInCIDRsTestFunc(allowedIPs)
+	p.state.testAllowedIP.Store(&f)
+}
+
+// SendBuffers sends buffers to peer. WireGuard packet data in each element of
+// buffers must be preceded by MessageEncapsulatingTransportSize number of
+// bytes.
 func (peer *Peer) SendBuffers(buffers [][]byte) error {
 	peer.device.net.RLock()
 	defer peer.device.net.RUnlock()
@@ -133,7 +181,7 @@ func (peer *Peer) SendBuffers(buffers [][]byte) error {
 	}
 	peer.endpoint.Unlock()
 
-	err := peer.device.net.bind.Send(buffers, endpoint)
+	err := peer.device.net.bind.Send(buffers, endpoint, MessageEncapsulatingTransportSize)
 	if err == nil {
 		var totalLen uint64
 		for _, b := range buffers {
@@ -190,6 +238,7 @@ func (peer *Peer) Start() {
 	// reset routine state
 	peer.stopping.Wait()
 	peer.stopping.Add(2)
+	peer.queuedOutboundPackets.Store(0)
 
 	peer.handshake.mutex.Lock()
 	peer.handshake.lastSentHandshake = time.Now().Add(-(RekeyTimeout + time.Second))
@@ -199,8 +248,8 @@ func (peer *Peer) Start() {
 
 	peer.timersStart()
 
-	device.flushInboundQueue(peer.queue.inbound)
-	device.flushOutboundQueue(peer.queue.outbound)
+	device.flushInboundQueue(peer.queue.inbound.c)
+	device.flushOutboundQueue(peer.queue.outbound.c)
 
 	// Use the device batch size, not the bind batch size, as the device size is
 	// the size of the batch pools.
@@ -209,10 +258,21 @@ func (peer *Peer) Start() {
 	go peer.RoutineSequentialReceiver(batchSize)
 
 	peer.isRunning.Store(true)
+
+	// A lazily-created peer that never completes a handshake otherwise never
+	// arms its reaping timer. Arm it here, while running under state.Lock, so
+	// it's reclaimed after RejectAfterTime*3 of no session and is guaranteed to
+	// be torn down by a matching Stop. A completed handshake re-Mods it.
+	if peer.deleteOnIdle {
+		peer.timers.zeroKeyMaterial.Mod(RejectAfterTime * 3)
+	}
 }
 
 func (peer *Peer) ZeroAndFlushAll() {
 	device := peer.device
+	if peer.timers.sessionExpired != nil {
+		peer.timers.sessionExpired.Del()
+	}
 
 	// clear key pairs
 
@@ -235,6 +295,11 @@ func (peer *Peer) ZeroAndFlushAll() {
 	handshake.mutex.Unlock()
 
 	peer.FlushStagedPackets()
+
+	peer.sessionState.Lock()
+	peer.sessionState.sessionExpires = time.Time{}
+	peer.noteSessionStateLocked(PeerSessionNone)
+	peer.sessionState.Unlock()
 }
 
 func (peer *Peer) ExpireCurrentKeypairs() {
@@ -254,6 +319,11 @@ func (peer *Peer) ExpireCurrentKeypairs() {
 		next.sendNonce.Store(RejectAfterMessages)
 	}
 	keypairs.Unlock()
+
+	peer.sessionState.Lock()
+	peer.sessionState.sessionExpires = time.Time{}
+	peer.noteSessionStateLocked(PeerSessionExpired)
+	peer.sessionState.Unlock()
 }
 
 func (peer *Peer) Stop() {
@@ -276,6 +346,51 @@ func (peer *Peer) Stop() {
 	peer.ZeroAndFlushAll()
 }
 
+func (peer *Peer) noteSessionState(state PeerSessionState) {
+	peer.sessionState.Lock()
+	defer peer.sessionState.Unlock()
+	peer.noteSessionStateLocked(state)
+}
+
+// noteSessionStateLocked records a session state transition and delivers the
+// callback. The caller must hold peer.sessionState.Mutex during the
+// state determination and transition.
+func (peer *Peer) noteSessionStateLocked(state PeerSessionState) {
+	if peer.sessionState.current == state {
+		return
+	}
+	peer.sessionState.current = state
+	if f := peer.device.peerStateFn.Load(); f != nil {
+		(*f)(peer.handshake.remoteStatic, state)
+	}
+}
+
+func (peer *Peer) noteSessionHandshakeStarted() {
+	peer.sessionState.Lock()
+	defer peer.sessionState.Unlock()
+	if peer.sessionState.current == PeerSessionEstablished {
+		return
+	}
+	peer.noteSessionStateLocked(PeerSessionHandshake)
+}
+
+func (peer *Peer) noteSessionHandshakeStopped() {
+	peer.sessionState.Lock()
+	defer peer.sessionState.Unlock()
+	state := PeerSessionNone
+	if peer.hasKeyMaterial() {
+		state = PeerSessionExpired
+	}
+	peer.noteSessionStateLocked(state)
+}
+
+func (peer *Peer) hasKeyMaterial() bool {
+	keypairs := &peer.keypairs
+	keypairs.RLock()
+	defer keypairs.RUnlock()
+	return keypairs.previous != nil || keypairs.current != nil || keypairs.next.Load() != nil
+}
+
 func (peer *Peer) SetEndpointFromPacket(endpoint conn.Endpoint) {
 	peer.endpoint.Lock()
 	defer peer.endpoint.Unlock()

device/pools.go

@@ -1,20 +1,21 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device
 
 import (
 	"sync"
-	"sync/atomic"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/buf"
 )
 
 type WaitPool struct {
 	pool  sync.Pool
 	cond  sync.Cond
 	lock  sync.Mutex
-	count atomic.Uint32
+	count uint32 // Get calls not yet Put back
 	max   uint32
 }
 
@@ -24,13 +25,17 @@ func NewWaitPool(max uint32, new func() any) *WaitPool {
 	return p
 }
 
+func (p *WaitPool) hasAccounting() bool {
+	return p != nil && p.max != 0
+}
+
 func (p *WaitPool) Get() any {
 	if p.max != 0 {
 		p.lock.Lock()
-		for p.count.Load() >= p.max {
+		for p.count >= p.max {
 			p.cond.Wait()
 		}
-		p.count.Add(1)
+		p.count++
 		p.lock.Unlock()
 	}
 	return p.pool.Get()
@@ -41,33 +46,34 @@ func (p *WaitPool) Put(x any) {
 	if p.max == 0 {
 		return
 	}
-	p.count.Add(^uint32(0))
+	p.lock.Lock()
+	defer p.lock.Unlock()
+	p.count--
 	p.cond.Signal()
 }
 
 func (device *Device) PopulatePools() {
-	device.pool.inboundElementsContainer = NewWaitPool(PreallocatedBuffersPerPool, func() any {
+	device.pool.inboundElementsContainer = &sync.Pool{New: func() any {
 		s := make([]*QueueInboundElement, 0, device.BatchSize())
 		return &QueueInboundElementsContainer{elems: s}
-	})
-	device.pool.outboundElementsContainer = NewWaitPool(PreallocatedBuffersPerPool, func() any {
+	}}
+	device.pool.outboundElementsContainer = &sync.Pool{New: func() any {
 		s := make([]*QueueOutboundElement, 0, device.BatchSize())
 		return &QueueOutboundElementsContainer{elems: s}
-	})
+	}}
 	device.pool.messageBuffers = NewWaitPool(PreallocatedBuffersPerPool, func() any {
 		return new([MaxMessageSize]byte)
 	})
-	device.pool.inboundElements = NewWaitPool(PreallocatedBuffersPerPool, func() any {
+	device.pool.inboundElements = &sync.Pool{New: func() any {
 		return new(QueueInboundElement)
-	})
-	device.pool.outboundElements = NewWaitPool(PreallocatedBuffersPerPool, func() any {
+	}}
+	device.pool.outboundElements = &sync.Pool{New: func() any {
 		return new(QueueOutboundElement)
-	})
+	}}
 }
 
 func (device *Device) GetInboundElementsContainer() *QueueInboundElementsContainer {
 	c := device.pool.inboundElementsContainer.Get().(*QueueInboundElementsContainer)
-	c.Mutex = sync.Mutex{}
 	return c
 }
 
@@ -81,7 +87,6 @@ func (device *Device) PutInboundElementsContainer(c *QueueInboundElementsContain
 
 func (device *Device) GetOutboundElementsContainer() *QueueOutboundElementsContainer {
 	c := device.pool.outboundElementsContainer.Get().(*QueueOutboundElementsContainer)
-	c.Mutex = sync.Mutex{}
 	return c
 }
 
@@ -101,6 +106,20 @@ func (device *Device) PutMessageBuffer(msg *[MaxMessageSize]byte) {
 	device.pool.messageBuffers.Put(msg)
 }
 
+// Outbound buffers come from the sing allocator instead of the bounded
+// messageBuffers pool: the injection paths (InputPacket/InputPackets) run on
+// the caller's shared read loop, which must never block on pool exhaustion,
+// and their packets are far smaller than MaxMessageSize, so they are allocated
+// by actual size. This also keeps the bounded pool exclusively for the receive
+// path, so outbound backlog can no longer starve it.
+func (device *Device) GetOutboundBuffer(size int) []byte {
+	return buf.Get(size)
+}
+
+func (device *Device) PutOutboundBuffer(buffer []byte) {
+	_ = buf.Put(buffer)
+}
+
 func (device *Device) GetInboundElement() *QueueInboundElement {
 	return device.pool.inboundElements.Get().(*QueueInboundElement)
 }

device/pools_test.go

@@ -1,139 +0,0 @@
-/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
- */
-
-package device
-
-import (
-	"math/rand"
-	"runtime"
-	"sync"
-	"sync/atomic"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-)
-
-func TestWaitPool(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Skip("Currently disabled")
-	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-	var trials atomic.Int32
-	startTrials := int32(100000)
-	if raceEnabled {
-		// This test can be very slow with -race.
-		startTrials /= 10
-	}
-	trials.Store(startTrials)
-	workers := runtime.NumCPU() + 2
-	if workers-4 <= 0 {
-		t.Skip("Not enough cores")
-	}
-	p := NewWaitPool(uint32(workers-4), func() any { return make([]byte, 16) })
-	wg.Add(workers)
-	var max atomic.Uint32
-	updateMax := func() {
-		count := p.count.Load()
-		if count > p.max {
-			t.Errorf("count (%d) > max (%d)", count, p.max)
-		}
-		for {
-			old := max.Load()
-			if count <= old {
-				break
-			}
-			if max.CompareAndSwap(old, count) {
-				break
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	for i := 0; i < workers; i++ {
-		go func() {
-			defer wg.Done()
-			for trials.Add(-1) > 0 {
-				updateMax()
-				x := p.Get()
-				updateMax()
-				time.Sleep(time.Duration(rand.Intn(100)) * time.Microsecond)
-				updateMax()
-				p.Put(x)
-				updateMax()
-			}
-		}()
-	}
-	wg.Wait()
-	if max.Load() != p.max {
-		t.Errorf("Actual maximum count (%d) != ideal maximum count (%d)", max, p.max)
-	}
-}
-
-func BenchmarkWaitPool(b *testing.B) {
-	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-	var trials atomic.Int32
-	trials.Store(int32(b.N))
-	workers := runtime.NumCPU() + 2
-	if workers-4 <= 0 {
-		b.Skip("Not enough cores")
-	}
-	p := NewWaitPool(uint32(workers-4), func() any { return make([]byte, 16) })
-	wg.Add(workers)
-	b.ResetTimer()
-	for i := 0; i < workers; i++ {
-		go func() {
-			defer wg.Done()
-			for trials.Add(-1) > 0 {
-				x := p.Get()
-				time.Sleep(time.Duration(rand.Intn(100)) * time.Microsecond)
-				p.Put(x)
-			}
-		}()
-	}
-	wg.Wait()
-}
-
-func BenchmarkWaitPoolEmpty(b *testing.B) {
-	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-	var trials atomic.Int32
-	trials.Store(int32(b.N))
-	workers := runtime.NumCPU() + 2
-	if workers-4 <= 0 {
-		b.Skip("Not enough cores")
-	}
-	p := NewWaitPool(0, func() any { return make([]byte, 16) })
-	wg.Add(workers)
-	b.ResetTimer()
-	for i := 0; i < workers; i++ {
-		go func() {
-			defer wg.Done()
-			for trials.Add(-1) > 0 {
-				x := p.Get()
-				time.Sleep(time.Duration(rand.Intn(100)) * time.Microsecond)
-				p.Put(x)
-			}
-		}()
-	}
-	wg.Wait()
-}
-
-func BenchmarkSyncPool(b *testing.B) {
-	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-	var trials atomic.Int32
-	trials.Store(int32(b.N))
-	workers := runtime.NumCPU() + 2
-	if workers-4 <= 0 {
-		b.Skip("Not enough cores")
-	}
-	p := sync.Pool{New: func() any { return make([]byte, 16) }}
-	wg.Add(workers)
-	b.ResetTimer()
-	for i := 0; i < workers; i++ {
-		go func() {
-			defer wg.Done()
-			for trials.Add(-1) > 0 {
-				x := p.Get()
-				time.Sleep(time.Duration(rand.Intn(100)) * time.Microsecond)
-				p.Put(x)
-			}
-		}()
-	}
-	wg.Wait()
-}

device/queueconstants_android.go

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device
 
-import "golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/conn"
+import "github.com/sagernet/wireguard-go/conn"
 
 /* Reduce memory consumption for Android */
 

device/queueconstants_default.go

@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
 
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device
 
-import "golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/conn"
+import "github.com/sagernet/wireguard-go/conn"
 
 const (
 	QueueStagedSize            = conn.IdealBatchSize

device/queueconstants_ios.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device

device/queueconstants_windows.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device

device/race_disabled_test.go

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !race
-
-/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
- */
-
-package device
-
-const raceEnabled = false

device/race_enabled_test.go

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-//go:build race
-
-/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
- */
-
-package device
-
-const raceEnabled = true

device/receive.go

@@ -1,22 +1,23 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"encoding/binary"
 	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"net"
+	"net/netip"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/sagernet/wireguard-go/conn"
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/chacha20poly1305"
 	"golang.org/x/net/ipv4"
 	"golang.org/x/net/ipv6"
-	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/conn"
 )
 
 type QueueHandshakeElement struct {
@@ -35,7 +36,12 @@ type QueueInboundElement struct {
 }
 
 type QueueInboundElementsContainer struct {
-	sync.Mutex
+	// filling is a one-shot barrier signaling decryption→receive
+	// handoff. RoutineReceiveIncoming calls Add(1) before sending the
+	// container down the decryption and inbound queues; RoutineDecryption
+	// calls Done after decrypting; RoutineSequentialReceiver calls Wait
+	// before reading the decrypted packets.
+	filling sync.WaitGroup
 	elems   []*QueueInboundElement
 }
 
@@ -70,7 +76,10 @@ func (peer *Peer) keepKeyFreshReceiving() {
  * Every time the bind is updated a new routine is started for
  * IPv4 and IPv6 (separately)
  */
-func (device *Device) RoutineReceiveIncoming(maxBatchSize int, recv conn.ReceiveFunc) {
+func (device *Device) RoutineReceiveIncoming(
+	maxBatchSize int,
+	recv conn.ReceiveFunc,
+) {
 	recvName := recv.PrettyName()
 	defer func() {
 		device.log.Verbosef("Routine: receive incoming %s - stopped", recvName)
@@ -133,9 +142,14 @@ func (device *Device) RoutineReceiveIncoming(maxBatchSize int, recv conn.Receive
 			}
 
 			// check size of packet
-
 			packet := bufsArrs[i][:size]
-			msgType := binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(packet[:4])
+
+			// get message padding and type based on information from S1-S4 and H1-H4
+			msgType, padding := device.DeterminePacketTypeAndPadding(packet, MessageUnknownType)
+			if padding > 0 {
+				copy(packet, packet[padding:])
+				packet = packet[:len(packet)-padding]
+			}
 
 			switch msgType {
 
@@ -178,7 +192,6 @@ func (device *Device) RoutineReceiveIncoming(maxBatchSize int, recv conn.Receive
 				elemsForPeer, ok := elemsByPeer[peer]
 				if !ok {
 					elemsForPeer = device.GetInboundElementsContainer()
-					elemsForPeer.Lock()
 					elemsByPeer[peer] = elemsForPeer
 				}
 				elemsForPeer.elems = append(elemsForPeer.elems, elem)
@@ -222,6 +235,7 @@ func (device *Device) RoutineReceiveIncoming(maxBatchSize int, recv conn.Receive
 		}
 		for peer, elemsContainer := range elemsByPeer {
 			if peer.isRunning.Load() {
+				elemsContainer.filling.Add(1)
 				peer.queue.inbound.c <- elemsContainer
 				device.queue.decryption.c <- elemsContainer
 			} else {
@@ -263,7 +277,7 @@ func (device *Device) RoutineDecryption(id int) {
 				elem.packet = nil
 			}
 		}
-		elemsContainer.Unlock()
+		elemsContainer.filling.Done()
 	}
 }
 
@@ -277,7 +291,6 @@ func (device *Device) RoutineHandshake(id int) {
 	device.log.Verbosef("Routine: handshake worker %d - started", id)
 
 	for elem := range device.queue.handshake.c {
-
 		// handle cookie fields and ratelimiting
 
 		switch elem.msgType {
@@ -287,8 +300,7 @@ func (device *Device) RoutineHandshake(id int) {
 			// unmarshal packet
 
 			var reply MessageCookieReply
-			reader := bytes.NewReader(elem.packet)
-			err := binary.Read(reader, binary.LittleEndian, &reply)
+			err := reply.unmarshal(elem.packet)
 			if err != nil {
 				device.log.Verbosef("Failed to decode cookie reply")
 				goto skip
@@ -305,9 +317,14 @@ func (device *Device) RoutineHandshake(id int) {
 			// consume reply
 
 			if peer := entry.peer; peer.isRunning.Load() {
-				device.log.Verbosef("Receiving cookie response from %s", elem.endpoint.DstToString())
+				device.log.Verbosef(
+					"Receiving cookie response from %s",
+					elem.endpoint.DstToString(),
+				)
 				if !peer.cookieGenerator.ConsumeReply(&reply) {
-					device.log.Verbosef("Could not decrypt invalid cookie response")
+					device.log.Verbosef(
+						"Could not decrypt invalid cookie response",
+					)
 				}
 			}
 
@@ -349,20 +366,18 @@ func (device *Device) RoutineHandshake(id int) {
 
 		switch elem.msgType {
 		case MessageInitiationType:
-
 			// unmarshal
-
 			var msg MessageInitiation
-			reader := bytes.NewReader(elem.packet)
-			err := binary.Read(reader, binary.LittleEndian, &msg)
+			err := msg.unmarshal(elem.packet)
 			if err != nil {
 				device.log.Errorf("Failed to decode initiation message")
 				goto skip
 			}
 
-			// consume initiation
+			// have to reassign msgType for ranged msgType to work
+			msg.Type = elem.msgType
 
-			peer := device.ConsumeMessageInitiation(&msg)
+			peer := device.ConsumeMessageInitiation(&msg, elem.endpoint)
 			if peer == nil {
 				device.log.Verbosef("Received invalid initiation message from %s", elem.endpoint.DstToString())
 				goto skip
@@ -386,13 +401,15 @@ func (device *Device) RoutineHandshake(id int) {
 			// unmarshal
 
 			var msg MessageResponse
-			reader := bytes.NewReader(elem.packet)
-			err := binary.Read(reader, binary.LittleEndian, &msg)
+			err := msg.unmarshal(elem.packet)
 			if err != nil {
 				device.log.Errorf("Failed to decode response message")
 				goto skip
 			}
 
+			// have to reassign msgType for ranged msgType to work
+			msg.Type = elem.msgType
+
 			// consume response
 
 			peer := device.ConsumeMessageResponse(&msg)
@@ -415,7 +432,6 @@ func (device *Device) RoutineHandshake(id int) {
 			// derive keypair
 
 			err = peer.BeginSymmetricSession()
-
 			if err != nil {
 				device.log.Errorf("%v - Failed to derive keypair: %v", peer, err)
 				goto skip
@@ -423,6 +439,7 @@ func (device *Device) RoutineHandshake(id int) {
 
 			peer.timersSessionDerived()
 			peer.timersHandshakeComplete()
+			peer.SendPriorityMessage()
 			peer.SendKeepalive()
 		}
 	skip:
@@ -444,11 +461,40 @@ func (peer *Peer) RoutineSequentialReceiver(maxBatchSize int) {
 		if elemsContainer == nil {
 			return
 		}
-		elemsContainer.Lock()
+		peer.processInboundContainer(elemsContainer, bufs[:0])
+	}
+}
+
+// processInboundContainer waits for the decryption routine to finish
+// filling elemsContainer, then writes the valid packets to the TUN
+// device and returns the container to the pool.
+//
+// scratch is a length-0 slice used to assemble the per-packet buffers
+// passed to tun.device.Write; its backing array is reused across calls.
+func (peer *Peer) processInboundContainer(elemsContainer *QueueInboundElementsContainer, scratch [][]byte) {
+	// Invariants from RoutineSequentialReceiver; all should be unreachable.
+	if len(scratch) != 0 || cap(scratch) == 0 {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("processInboundContainer: scratch must be empty with non-zero cap; got len=%d cap=%d",
+			len(scratch), cap(scratch)))
+	}
+	if cap(scratch) < len(elemsContainer.elems) {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("processInboundContainer: scratch cap %d < elems %d",
+			cap(scratch), len(elemsContainer.elems)))
+	}
+
+	device := peer.device
+	defer device.PutInboundElementsContainer(elemsContainer)
+
+	// Wait for RoutineDecryption to finish filling the container. After
+	// Wait returns we have happens-before with that goroutine and are the
+	// sole owner of the container until Put hands it back to the pool.
+	elemsContainer.filling.Wait()
+	elems := elemsContainer.elems
+
 	validTailPacket := -1
 	dataPacketReceived := false
 	rxBytesLen := uint64(0)
-		for i, elem := range elemsContainer.elems {
+	for i, elem := range elems {
 		if elem.packet == nil {
 			// decryption failed
 			continue
@@ -462,8 +508,12 @@ func (peer *Peer) RoutineSequentialReceiver(maxBatchSize int) {
 		if peer.ReceivedWithKeypair(elem.keypair) {
 			peer.SetEndpointFromPacket(elem.endpoint)
 			peer.timersHandshakeComplete()
+			peer.SendPriorityMessage()
 			peer.SendStagedPackets()
 		}
+		if ep, ok := elem.endpoint.(conn.PeerAwareEndpoint); ok {
+			ep.FromPeer(peer.handshake.remoteStatic)
+		}
 		rxBytesLen += uint64(len(elem.packet) + MinMessageSize)
 
 		if len(elem.packet) == 0 {
@@ -484,7 +534,8 @@ func (peer *Peer) RoutineSequentialReceiver(maxBatchSize int) {
 			}
 			elem.packet = elem.packet[:length]
 			src := elem.packet[IPv4offsetSrc : IPv4offsetSrc+net.IPv4len]
-				if device.allowedips.Lookup(src) != peer {
+			srcAddr, _ := netip.AddrFromSlice(src)
+			if !peer.AllowedPeerSourceIP(srcAddr) {
 				device.log.Verbosef("IPv4 packet with disallowed source address from %v", peer)
 				continue
 			}
@@ -501,7 +552,8 @@ func (peer *Peer) RoutineSequentialReceiver(maxBatchSize int) {
 			}
 			elem.packet = elem.packet[:length]
 			src := elem.packet[IPv6offsetSrc : IPv6offsetSrc+net.IPv6len]
-				if device.allowedips.Lookup(src) != peer {
+			srcAddr, _ := netip.AddrFromSlice(src)
+			if !peer.AllowedPeerSourceIP(srcAddr) {
 				device.log.Verbosef("IPv6 packet with disallowed source address from %v", peer)
 				continue
 			}
@@ -511,12 +563,12 @@ func (peer *Peer) RoutineSequentialReceiver(maxBatchSize int) {
 			continue
 		}
 
-			bufs = append(bufs, elem.buffer[:MessageTransportOffsetContent+len(elem.packet)])
+		scratch = append(scratch, elem.buffer[:MessageTransportOffsetContent+len(elem.packet)])
 	}
 
 	peer.rxBytes.Add(rxBytesLen)
 	if validTailPacket >= 0 {
-			peer.SetEndpointFromPacket(elemsContainer.elems[validTailPacket].endpoint)
+		peer.SetEndpointFromPacket(elems[validTailPacket].endpoint)
 		peer.keepKeyFreshReceiving()
 		peer.timersAnyAuthenticatedPacketTraversal()
 		peer.timersAnyAuthenticatedPacketReceived()
@@ -524,17 +576,68 @@ func (peer *Peer) RoutineSequentialReceiver(maxBatchSize int) {
 	if dataPacketReceived {
 		peer.timersDataReceived()
 	}
-		if len(bufs) > 0 {
-			_, err := device.tun.device.Write(bufs, MessageTransportOffsetContent)
+	if len(scratch) > 0 {
+		_, err := device.tun.device.Write(scratch, MessageTransportOffsetContent)
 		if err != nil && !device.isClosed() {
 			device.log.Errorf("Failed to write packets to TUN device: %v", err)
 		}
 	}
-		for _, elem := range elemsContainer.elems {
+	for _, elem := range elems {
 		device.PutMessageBuffer(elem.buffer)
 		device.PutInboundElement(elem)
 	}
-		bufs = bufs[:0]
-		device.PutInboundElementsContainer(elemsContainer)
+}
+
+func (device *Device) DeterminePacketTypeAndPadding(packet []byte, expectedType uint32) (uint32, int) {
+	size := len(packet)
+
+	if expectedType == MessageUnknownType || expectedType == MessageInitiationType {
+		padding := device.paddings.init
+		header := device.headers.init
+
+		if size == padding+MessageInitiationSize {
+			data := packet[padding:]
+			if header.Validate(binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(data)) {
+				return MessageInitiationType, padding
 			}
 		}
+	}
+
+	if expectedType == MessageUnknownType || expectedType == MessageResponseType {
+		padding := device.paddings.response
+		header := device.headers.response
+
+		if size == padding+MessageResponseSize {
+			data := packet[padding:]
+			if header.Validate(binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(data)) {
+				return MessageResponseType, padding
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if expectedType == MessageUnknownType || expectedType == MessageCookieReplyType {
+		padding := device.paddings.cookie
+		header := device.headers.cookie
+
+		if size == padding+MessageCookieReplySize {
+			data := packet[padding:]
+			if header.Validate(binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(data)) {
+				return MessageCookieReplyType, padding
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if expectedType == MessageUnknownType || expectedType == MessageTransportType {
+		padding := device.paddings.transport
+		header := device.headers.transport
+
+		if size >= padding+MessageTransportHeaderSize {
+			data := packet[padding:]
+			if header.Validate(binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(data)) {
+				return MessageTransportType, padding
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return MessageUnknownType, 0
+}

device/send.go

@@ -1,24 +1,28 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"crypto/rand"
 	"encoding/binary"
 	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"math/big"
 	"net"
+	"net/netip"
 	"os"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/sagernet/wireguard-go/conn"
+	"github.com/sagernet/wireguard-go/tun"
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/chacha20poly1305"
 	"golang.org/x/net/ipv4"
 	"golang.org/x/net/ipv6"
-	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/conn"
-	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun"
 )
 
 /* Outbound flow
@@ -46,21 +50,30 @@ import (
  */
 
 type QueueOutboundElement struct {
-	buffer  *[MaxMessageSize]byte // slice holding the packet data
-	packet  []byte                // slice of "buffer" (always!)
+	buffer []byte // sing-allocated buffer holding the packet data
+	// packet is always a slice of "buffer". The starting offset in buffer
+	// is either:
+	//  a) MessageEncapsulatingTransportSize+MessageTransportHeaderSize (plaintext)
+	//  b) 0 (post-encryption)
+	packet  []byte
 	nonce   uint64   // nonce for encryption
 	keypair *Keypair // keypair for encryption
 	peer    *Peer    // related peer
 }
 
 type QueueOutboundElementsContainer struct {
-	sync.Mutex
+	// filling is a one-shot barrier signaling encryption→send handoff.
+	// SendStagedPackets calls Add(1) before sending the container down
+	// the encryption and outbound queues; RoutineEncryption calls Done
+	// after encrypting; RoutineSequentialSender calls Wait before
+	// reading the encrypted packets.
+	filling sync.WaitGroup
 	elems   []*QueueOutboundElement
 }
 
 func (device *Device) NewOutboundElement() *QueueOutboundElement {
 	elem := device.GetOutboundElement()
-	elem.buffer = device.GetMessageBuffer()
+	elem.buffer = device.GetOutboundBuffer(MaxMessageSize)
 	elem.nonce = 0
 	// keypair and peer were cleared (if necessary) by clearPointers.
 	return elem
@@ -86,9 +99,10 @@ func (peer *Peer) SendKeepalive() {
 		elemsContainer.elems = append(elemsContainer.elems, elem)
 		select {
 		case peer.queue.staged <- elemsContainer:
+			peer.queuedOutboundPackets.Add(1)
 			peer.device.log.Verbosef("%v - Sending keepalive packet", peer)
 		default:
-			peer.device.PutMessageBuffer(elem.buffer)
+			peer.device.PutOutboundBuffer(elem.buffer)
 			peer.device.PutOutboundElement(elem)
 			peer.device.PutOutboundElementsContainer(elemsContainer)
 		}
@@ -96,6 +110,70 @@ func (peer *Peer) SendKeepalive() {
 	peer.SendStagedPackets()
 }
 
+// SendPriorityMessage invokes the [PeerPriorityMessageFunc] callback if one is
+// set, and queues the returned message for encryption and transmission if the
+// current keypair is valid.
+func (peer *Peer) SendPriorityMessage() {
+	f := peer.device.priorityMsgFn.Load()
+	if f == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	keypair := peer.keypairs.Current()
+	if keypair == nil || keypair.sendNonce.Load() >= RejectAfterMessages || time.Since(keypair.created) >= RejectAfterTime {
+		// SendStagedPackets initializes a handshake when the keypair is invalid,
+		// but we explicitly avoid that here. A priority message is only intended
+		// to flow around symmetric session establishment, but it should never
+		// trigger a new session. Reaching this branch due to nonce exhaustion
+		// or keypair expiration is highly unlikely considering where
+		// SendPriorityMessage is called (at current keypair establishment).
+		return
+	}
+
+	// get plaintext message to send
+	msg := (*f)(peer.handshake.remoteStatic)
+	if len(msg) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	if len(msg) > MaxPriorityMessageContentSize {
+		peer.device.log.Verbosef("%v - Failed to queue priority message due to size", peer)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// get pooled elements
+	elem := peer.device.NewOutboundElement()
+	elemsContainer := peer.device.GetOutboundElementsContainer()
+	elemsContainer.elems = append(elemsContainer.elems, elem)
+	packetQueued := false
+	defer func() {
+		if !packetQueued {
+			peer.device.PutOutboundBuffer(elem.buffer)
+			peer.device.PutOutboundElement(elem)
+			peer.device.PutOutboundElementsContainer(elemsContainer)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// initialize outbound element
+	const offset = MessageEncapsulatingTransportSize + MessageTransportHeaderSize
+	n := copy(elem.buffer[offset:], msg)
+	elem.packet = elem.buffer[offset : offset+n]
+	elem.peer = peer
+	elem.nonce = keypair.sendNonce.Add(1) - 1
+	if elem.nonce >= RejectAfterMessages {
+		keypair.sendNonce.Store(RejectAfterMessages)
+		return
+	}
+	elem.keypair = keypair
+
+	// add to parallel and sequential queue
+	if peer.isRunning.Load() {
+		elemsContainer.filling.Add(1)
+		peer.queuedOutboundPackets.Add(1)
+		peer.queue.outbound.c <- elemsContainer
+		peer.device.queue.encryption.c <- elemsContainer
+		packetQueued = true
+	}
+}
+
 func (peer *Peer) SendHandshakeInitiation(isRetry bool) error {
 	if !isRetry {
 		peer.timers.handshakeAttempts.Store(0)
@@ -124,6 +202,34 @@ func (peer *Peer) SendHandshakeInitiation(isRetry bool) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
+	var sendBuffer [][]byte
+
+	for _, ipacket := range peer.device.ipackets {
+		if ipacket != nil {
+			buf := make([]byte, ipacket.ObfuscatedLen(0))
+			ipacket.Obfuscate(buf, nil)
+			sendBuffer = append(sendBuffer, buf)
+		}
+	}
+
+	jc := peer.device.junk.count
+	jmin := peer.device.junk.min
+	jmax := peer.device.junk.max
+	if jmax < jmin {
+		// UAPI validates jmin/jmax only individually; a swapped pair
+		// would panic rand.Int below with a non-positive bound.
+		jmin, jmax = jmax, jmin
+	}
+
+	for i := 0; i < jc; i++ {
+		nBig, _ := rand.Int(rand.Reader, big.NewInt(int64(jmax-jmin+1)))
+		n := int(nBig.Int64()) + jmin
+
+		buf := make([]byte, n)
+		rand.Read(buf)
+		sendBuffer = append(sendBuffer, buf)
+	}
+
 	var buf [MessageInitiationSize]byte
 	writer := bytes.NewBuffer(buf[:0])
 	binary.Write(writer, binary.LittleEndian, msg)
@@ -133,7 +239,16 @@ func (peer *Peer) SendHandshakeInitiation(isRetry bool) error {
 	peer.timersAnyAuthenticatedPacketTraversal()
 	peer.timersAnyAuthenticatedPacketSent()
 
-	err = peer.SendBuffers([][]byte{packet})
+	if padding := peer.device.paddings.init; padding > 0 {
+		buf := make([]byte, padding+len(packet))
+		rand.Read(buf[:padding])
+		copy(buf[padding:], packet)
+		packet = buf
+	}
+
+	sendBuffer = append(sendBuffer, packet)
+
+	err = peer.SendBuffers(sendBuffer)
 	if err != nil {
 		peer.device.log.Errorf("%v - Failed to send handshake initiation: %v", peer, err)
 	}
@@ -157,6 +272,7 @@ func (peer *Peer) SendHandshakeResponse() error {
 
 	var buf [MessageResponseSize]byte
 	writer := bytes.NewBuffer(buf[:0])
+
 	binary.Write(writer, binary.LittleEndian, response)
 	packet := writer.Bytes()
 	peer.cookieGenerator.AddMacs(packet)
@@ -171,6 +287,13 @@ func (peer *Peer) SendHandshakeResponse() error {
 	peer.timersAnyAuthenticatedPacketTraversal()
 	peer.timersAnyAuthenticatedPacketSent()
 
+	if padding := peer.device.paddings.response; padding > 0 {
+		buf := make([]byte, padding+len(packet))
+		rand.Read(buf[:padding])
+		copy(buf[padding:], packet)
+		packet = buf
+	}
+
 	// TODO: allocation could be avoided
 	err = peer.SendBuffers([][]byte{packet})
 	if err != nil {
@@ -183,7 +306,14 @@ func (device *Device) SendHandshakeCookie(initiatingElem *QueueHandshakeElement)
 	device.log.Verbosef("Sending cookie response for denied handshake message for %v", initiatingElem.endpoint.DstToString())
 
 	sender := binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(initiatingElem.packet[4:8])
-	reply, err := device.cookieChecker.CreateReply(initiatingElem.packet, sender, initiatingElem.endpoint.DstToBytes())
+	msgType := device.headers.cookie.Generate()
+
+	reply, err := device.cookieChecker.CreateReply(
+		initiatingElem.packet,
+		sender,
+		initiatingElem.endpoint.DstToBytes(),
+		msgType,
+	)
 	if err != nil {
 		device.log.Errorf("Failed to create cookie reply: %v", err)
 		return err
@@ -192,8 +322,17 @@ func (device *Device) SendHandshakeCookie(initiatingElem *QueueHandshakeElement)
 	var buf [MessageCookieReplySize]byte
 	writer := bytes.NewBuffer(buf[:0])
 	binary.Write(writer, binary.LittleEndian, reply)
+	packet := writer.Bytes()
+
+	if padding := device.paddings.cookie; padding > 0 {
+		buf := make([]byte, padding+len(packet))
+		rand.Read(buf[:padding])
+		copy(buf[padding:], packet)
+		packet = buf
+	}
+
 	// TODO: allocation could be avoided
-	device.net.bind.Send([][]byte{writer.Bytes()}, initiatingElem.endpoint)
+	device.net.bind.Send([][]byte{packet}, initiatingElem.endpoint, 0)
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -225,7 +364,7 @@ func (device *Device) RoutineReadFromTUN() {
 		elemsByPeer = make(map[*Peer]*QueueOutboundElementsContainer, batchSize)
 		count       = 0
 		sizes       = make([]int, batchSize)
-		offset      = MessageTransportHeaderSize
+		offset      = MessageEncapsulatingTransportSize + MessageTransportHeaderSize
 	)
 
 	for i := range elems {
@@ -236,7 +375,7 @@ func (device *Device) RoutineReadFromTUN() {
 	defer func() {
 		for _, elem := range elems {
 			if elem != nil {
-				device.PutMessageBuffer(elem.buffer)
+				device.PutOutboundBuffer(elem.buffer)
 				device.PutOutboundElement(elem)
 			}
 		}
@@ -260,15 +399,17 @@ func (device *Device) RoutineReadFromTUN() {
 				if len(elem.packet) < ipv4.HeaderLen {
 					continue
 				}
-				dst := elem.packet[IPv4offsetDst : IPv4offsetDst+net.IPv4len]
-				peer = device.allowedips.Lookup(dst)
+				src := netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte(elem.packet[IPv4offsetSrc : IPv4offsetSrc+net.IPv4len]))
+				dst := netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte(elem.packet[IPv4offsetDst : IPv4offsetDst+net.IPv4len]))
+				peer = device.allowedips.LookupFromPacket(src, dst, elem.packet)
 
 			case 6:
 				if len(elem.packet) < ipv6.HeaderLen {
 					continue
 				}
-				dst := elem.packet[IPv6offsetDst : IPv6offsetDst+net.IPv6len]
-				peer = device.allowedips.Lookup(dst)
+				src := netip.AddrFrom16([16]byte(elem.packet[IPv6offsetSrc : IPv6offsetSrc+net.IPv6len]))
+				dst := netip.AddrFrom16([16]byte(elem.packet[IPv6offsetDst : IPv6offsetDst+net.IPv6len]))
+				peer = device.allowedips.LookupFromPacket(src, dst, elem.packet)
 
 			default:
 				device.log.Verbosef("Received packet with unknown IP version")
@@ -293,7 +434,7 @@ func (device *Device) RoutineReadFromTUN() {
 				peer.SendStagedPackets()
 			} else {
 				for _, elem := range elemsForPeer.elems {
-					device.PutMessageBuffer(elem.buffer)
+					device.PutOutboundBuffer(elem.buffer)
 					device.PutOutboundElement(elem)
 				}
 				device.PutOutboundElementsContainer(elemsForPeer)
@@ -320,7 +461,160 @@ func (device *Device) RoutineReadFromTUN() {
 	}
 }
 
+// maxQueuedInputPackets bounds the staged+outbound backlog of a peer fed via
+// InputPacket/InputPackets. Injected packets beyond it are dropped before they
+// are copied into pooled message buffers, like a full qdisc: injection has no
+// flow control, and the queues are bounded in containers (up to a full batch
+// each), so without this cap a flood is buffered instead of dropped.
+const maxQueuedInputPackets = 2048
+
+func (device *Device) inputPacketPeer(destination []byte, packetSlices [][]byte) *Peer {
+	var src, dst netip.Addr
+	switch len(destination) {
+	case net.IPv4len:
+		dst = netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte(destination))
+		var srcBytes [net.IPv4len]byte
+		if !gatherPacketBytes(packetSlices, IPv4offsetSrc, srcBytes[:]) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		src = netip.AddrFrom4(srcBytes)
+	case net.IPv6len:
+		dst = netip.AddrFrom16([16]byte(destination))
+		var srcBytes [net.IPv6len]byte
+		if !gatherPacketBytes(packetSlices, IPv6offsetSrc, srcBytes[:]) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		src = netip.AddrFrom16(srcBytes)
+	default:
+		return nil
+	}
+	var ipPkt []byte
+	if len(packetSlices) == 1 {
+		ipPkt = packetSlices[0]
+	}
+	return device.allowedips.LookupFromPacket(src, dst, ipPkt)
+}
+
+func gatherPacketBytes(packetSlices [][]byte, offset int, destination []byte) bool {
+	for _, packetSlice := range packetSlices {
+		if offset >= len(packetSlice) {
+			offset -= len(packetSlice)
+			continue
+		}
+		n := copy(destination, packetSlice[offset:])
+		destination = destination[n:]
+		offset = 0
+		if len(destination) == 0 {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (device *Device) InputPacket(destination []byte, packetSlices [][]byte) {
+	peer := device.inputPacketPeer(destination, packetSlices)
+	if peer == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if peer.queuedOutboundPackets.Load() >= maxQueuedInputPackets {
+		return
+	}
+	var totalLength int
+	for _, packetSlice := range packetSlices {
+		totalLength += len(packetSlice)
+	}
+	// paddings.transport (AWG s4) is prepended in-buffer by
+	// RoutineSequentialSender; reserve headroom for the shift.
+	allocLength := MessageEncapsulatingTransportSize + MessageTransportHeaderSize + totalLength + PaddingMultiple + chacha20poly1305.Overhead + device.paddings.transport
+	if allocLength > MaxMessageSize {
+		return
+	}
+	elem := device.GetOutboundElement()
+	elem.buffer = device.GetOutboundBuffer(allocLength)
+	elem.nonce = 0
+	packet := elem.buffer[MessageEncapsulatingTransportSize+MessageTransportHeaderSize:]
+	var n int
+	for _, packetSlice := range packetSlices {
+		n += copy(packet[n:], packetSlice)
+	}
+	elem.packet = packet[:n]
+	elemsForPeer := device.GetOutboundElementsContainer()
+	if peer.isRunning.Load() {
+		elemsForPeer.elems = append(elemsForPeer.elems, elem)
+		peer.StagePackets(elemsForPeer)
+		peer.SendStagedPackets()
+	} else {
+		device.PutOutboundBuffer(elem.buffer)
+		device.PutOutboundElement(elem)
+		device.PutOutboundElementsContainer(elemsForPeer)
+	}
+}
+
+type InputPacketRef struct {
+	Destination  []byte
+	PacketSlices [][]byte
+}
+
+func (device *Device) InputPackets(packets []*InputPacketRef) []*InputPacketRef {
+	var unmatched []*InputPacketRef
+	elemsByPeer := make(map[*Peer][]*QueueOutboundElementsContainer, len(packets))
+	for _, packetRef := range packets {
+		peer := device.inputPacketPeer(packetRef.Destination, packetRef.PacketSlices)
+		if peer == nil {
+			unmatched = append(unmatched, packetRef)
+			continue
+		}
+		if peer.queuedOutboundPackets.Load() >= maxQueuedInputPackets {
+			continue
+		}
+		var totalLength int
+		for _, packetSlice := range packetRef.PacketSlices {
+			totalLength += len(packetSlice)
+		}
+		// paddings.transport (AWG s4) is prepended in-buffer by
+		// RoutineSequentialSender; reserve headroom for the shift.
+		allocLength := MessageEncapsulatingTransportSize + MessageTransportHeaderSize + totalLength + PaddingMultiple + chacha20poly1305.Overhead + device.paddings.transport
+		if allocLength > MaxMessageSize {
+			continue
+		}
+		elem := device.GetOutboundElement()
+		elem.buffer = device.GetOutboundBuffer(allocLength)
+		elem.nonce = 0
+		packet := elem.buffer[MessageEncapsulatingTransportSize+MessageTransportHeaderSize:]
+		var n int
+		for _, packetSlice := range packetRef.PacketSlices {
+			n += copy(packet[n:], packetSlice)
+		}
+		elem.packet = packet[:n]
+		containers := elemsByPeer[peer]
+		if len(containers) == 0 || len(containers[len(containers)-1].elems) >= conn.IdealBatchSize {
+			containers = append(containers, device.GetOutboundElementsContainer())
+			elemsByPeer[peer] = containers
+		}
+		elemsForPeer := containers[len(containers)-1]
+		elemsForPeer.elems = append(elemsForPeer.elems, elem)
+	}
+	for peer, containers := range elemsByPeer {
+		if peer.isRunning.Load() {
+			for _, elemsForPeer := range containers {
+				peer.StagePackets(elemsForPeer)
+			}
+			peer.SendStagedPackets()
+		} else {
+			for _, elemsForPeer := range containers {
+				for _, elem := range elemsForPeer.elems {
+					device.PutOutboundBuffer(elem.buffer)
+					device.PutOutboundElement(elem)
+				}
+				device.PutOutboundElementsContainer(elemsForPeer)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return unmatched
+}
+
 func (peer *Peer) StagePackets(elems *QueueOutboundElementsContainer) {
+	peer.queuedOutboundPackets.Add(int32(len(elems.elems)))
 	for {
 		select {
 		case peer.queue.staged <- elems:
@@ -329,8 +623,9 @@ func (peer *Peer) StagePackets(elems *QueueOutboundElementsContainer) {
 		}
 		select {
 		case tooOld := <-peer.queue.staged:
+			peer.queuedOutboundPackets.Add(-int32(len(tooOld.elems)))
 			for _, elem := range tooOld.elems {
-				peer.device.PutMessageBuffer(elem.buffer)
+				peer.device.PutOutboundBuffer(elem.buffer)
 				peer.device.PutOutboundElement(elem)
 			}
 			peer.device.PutOutboundElementsContainer(tooOld)
@@ -373,10 +668,11 @@ top:
 
 				elem.keypair = keypair
 			}
-			elemsContainer.Lock()
 			elemsContainer.elems = elemsContainer.elems[:i]
 
 			if elemsContainerOOO != nil {
+				// Already counted at their original staging; StagePackets will count them again.
+				peer.queuedOutboundPackets.Add(-int32(len(elemsContainerOOO.elems)))
 				peer.StagePackets(elemsContainerOOO) // XXX: Out of order, but we can't front-load go chans
 			}
 
@@ -387,11 +683,13 @@ top:
 
 			// add to parallel and sequential queue
 			if peer.isRunning.Load() {
+				elemsContainer.filling.Add(1)
 				peer.queue.outbound.c <- elemsContainer
 				peer.device.queue.encryption.c <- elemsContainer
 			} else {
+				peer.queuedOutboundPackets.Add(-int32(len(elemsContainer.elems)))
 				for _, elem := range elemsContainer.elems {
-					peer.device.PutMessageBuffer(elem.buffer)
+					peer.device.PutOutboundBuffer(elem.buffer)
 					peer.device.PutOutboundElement(elem)
 				}
 				peer.device.PutOutboundElementsContainer(elemsContainer)
@@ -410,8 +708,9 @@ func (peer *Peer) FlushStagedPackets() {
 	for {
 		select {
 		case elemsContainer := <-peer.queue.staged:
+			peer.queuedOutboundPackets.Add(-int32(len(elemsContainer.elems)))
 			for _, elem := range elemsContainer.elems {
-				peer.device.PutMessageBuffer(elem.buffer)
+				peer.device.PutOutboundBuffer(elem.buffer)
 				peer.device.PutOutboundElement(elem)
 			}
 			peer.device.PutOutboundElementsContainer(elemsContainer)
@@ -451,13 +750,15 @@ func (device *Device) RoutineEncryption(id int) {
 	for elemsContainer := range device.queue.encryption.c {
 		for _, elem := range elemsContainer.elems {
 			// populate header fields
-			header := elem.buffer[:MessageTransportHeaderSize]
+			header := elem.buffer[MessageEncapsulatingTransportSize : MessageEncapsulatingTransportSize+MessageTransportHeaderSize]
 
 			fieldType := header[0:4]
 			fieldReceiver := header[4:8]
 			fieldNonce := header[8:16]
 
-			binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(fieldType, MessageTransportType)
+			msgType := device.headers.transport.Generate()
+
+			binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(fieldType, msgType)
 			binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(fieldReceiver, elem.keypair.remoteIndex)
 			binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(fieldNonce, elem.nonce)
 
@@ -475,7 +776,7 @@ func (device *Device) RoutineEncryption(id int) {
 				nil,
 			)
 		}
-		elemsContainer.Unlock()
+		elemsContainer.filling.Done()
 	}
 }
 
@@ -487,13 +788,41 @@ func (peer *Peer) RoutineSequentialSender(maxBatchSize int) {
 	}()
 	device.log.Verbosef("%v - Routine: sequential sender - started", peer)
 
-	bufs := make([][]byte, 0, maxBatchSize)
+	bufs := make([][]byte, 0, max(maxBatchSize, conn.IdealBatchSize))
 
 	for elemsContainer := range peer.queue.outbound.c {
-		bufs = bufs[:0]
 		if elemsContainer == nil {
 			return
 		}
+		peer.processOutboundContainer(elemsContainer, bufs[:0])
+	}
+}
+
+// processOutboundContainer waits for the encryption routine to finish
+// filling elemsContainer, then sends the batch (or drops it, if the peer
+// has been stopped) and returns the container to the pool.
+//
+// scratch is a length-0 slice used to assemble the per-packet buffers
+// passed to SendBuffers; its backing array is reused across calls.
+func (peer *Peer) processOutboundContainer(elemsContainer *QueueOutboundElementsContainer, scratch [][]byte) {
+	// Invariants from RoutineSequentialSender; all should be unreachable.
+	if len(scratch) != 0 || cap(scratch) == 0 {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("processOutboundContainer: scratch must be empty with non-zero cap; got len=%d cap=%d",
+			len(scratch), cap(scratch)))
+	}
+	if cap(scratch) < len(elemsContainer.elems) {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("processOutboundContainer: scratch cap %d < elems %d",
+			cap(scratch), len(elemsContainer.elems)))
+	}
+
+	device := peer.device
+	defer device.PutOutboundElementsContainer(elemsContainer)
+
+	// Wait for RoutineEncryption to finish filling the container. After
+	// Wait returns we have happens-before with that goroutine and are the
+	// sole owner of the container until Put hands it back to the pool.
+	elemsContainer.filling.Wait()
+
 	if !peer.isRunning.Load() {
 		// peer has been stopped; return re-usable elems to the shared pool.
 		// This is an optimization only. It is possible for the peer to be stopped
@@ -501,34 +830,47 @@ func (peer *Peer) RoutineSequentialSender(maxBatchSize int) {
 		// The timers and SendBuffers code are resilient to a few stragglers.
 		// TODO: rework peer shutdown order to ensure
 		// that we never accidentally keep timers alive longer than necessary.
-			elemsContainer.Lock()
+		peer.queuedOutboundPackets.Add(-int32(len(elemsContainer.elems)))
 		for _, elem := range elemsContainer.elems {
-				device.PutMessageBuffer(elem.buffer)
+			device.PutOutboundBuffer(elem.buffer)
 			device.PutOutboundElement(elem)
 		}
-			continue
+		return
 	}
+
 	dataSent := false
-		elemsContainer.Lock()
 	for _, elem := range elemsContainer.elems {
-			if len(elem.packet) != MessageKeepaliveSize {
+		if len(elem.packet[MessageEncapsulatingTransportSize:]) != MessageKeepaliveSize {
 			dataSent = true
 		}
-			bufs = append(bufs, elem.packet)
+		// lx:begin awg (SPEC 025 — AmneziaWG transport padding, S4)
+		// Prepend `transport` random bytes ahead of the transport header. The AWG
+		// path zeroes MessageEncapsulatingTransportSize (see noise-protocol.go), so
+		// elem.packet starts at buffer offset 0 and this shift is what creates the
+		// prefix; the buffer is allocated with PaddingMultiple headroom.
+		if padding := device.paddings.transport; padding > 0 {
+			for i := len(elem.packet) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+				elem.buffer[i+padding] = elem.buffer[i]
+			}
+			rand.Read(elem.buffer[:padding])
+			elem.packet = elem.buffer[:padding+len(elem.packet)]
+		}
+		// lx:end awg
+		scratch = append(scratch, elem.packet)
 	}
 
 	peer.timersAnyAuthenticatedPacketTraversal()
 	peer.timersAnyAuthenticatedPacketSent()
 
-		err := peer.SendBuffers(bufs)
+	err := peer.SendBuffers(scratch)
 	if dataSent {
 		peer.timersDataSent()
 	}
+	peer.queuedOutboundPackets.Add(-int32(len(elemsContainer.elems)))
 	for _, elem := range elemsContainer.elems {
-			device.PutMessageBuffer(elem.buffer)
+		device.PutOutboundBuffer(elem.buffer)
 		device.PutOutboundElement(elem)
 	}
-		device.PutOutboundElementsContainer(elemsContainer)
 	if err != nil {
 		var errGSO conn.ErrUDPGSODisabled
 		if errors.As(err, &errGSO) {
@@ -538,9 +880,8 @@ func (peer *Peer) RoutineSequentialSender(maxBatchSize int) {
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		device.log.Errorf("%v - Failed to send data packets: %v", peer, err)
-			continue
+		return
 	}
 
 	peer.keepKeyFreshSending()
 }
-}

device/sticky_default.go

@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@
 package device
 
 import (
-	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/conn"
-	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/rwcancel"
+	"github.com/sagernet/wireguard-go/conn"
+	"github.com/sagernet/wireguard-go/rwcancel"
 )
 
-func (device *Device) startRouteListener(bind conn.Bind) (*rwcancel.RWCancel, error) {
+func (device *Device) startRouteListener(_ conn.Bind) (*rwcancel.RWCancel, error) {
 	return nil, nil
 }

device/sticky_linux.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  *
  * This implements userspace semantics of "sticky sockets", modeled after
  * WireGuard's kernelspace implementation. This is more or less a straight port
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
  *
  * Currently there is no way to achieve this within the net package:
  * See e.g. https://github.com/golang/go/issues/17930
- * So this code is remains platform dependent.
+ * So this code remains platform dependent.
  */
 
 package device
@@ -18,10 +18,9 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"unsafe"
 
+	"github.com/sagernet/wireguard-go/conn"
+	"github.com/sagernet/wireguard-go/rwcancel"
 	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
-
-	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/conn"
-	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/rwcancel"
 )
 
 func (device *Device) startRouteListener(bind conn.Bind) (*rwcancel.RWCancel, error) {
@@ -47,7 +46,7 @@ func (device *Device) startRouteListener(bind conn.Bind) (*rwcancel.RWCancel, er
 	return netlinkCancel, nil
 }
 
-func (device *Device) routineRouteListener(bind conn.Bind, netlinkSock int, netlinkCancel *rwcancel.RWCancel) {
+func (device *Device) routineRouteListener(_ conn.Bind, netlinkSock int, netlinkCancel *rwcancel.RWCancel) {
 	type peerEndpointPtr struct {
 		peer     *Peer
 		endpoint *conn.Endpoint

device/timers.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  *
  * This is based heavily on timers.c from the kernel implementation.
  */
@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@ func (peer *Peer) NewTimer(expirationFunction func(*Peer)) *Timer {
 		timer.isPending = false
 		timer.modifyingLock.Unlock()
 
+		if pauseManager := peer.device.pauseManager; pauseManager != nil {
+			pauseManager.WaitActive()
+		}
 		expirationFunction(peer)
 	})
 	timer.Stop()
@@ -95,10 +98,26 @@ func expiredRetransmitHandshake(peer *Peer) {
 		if peer.timersActive() && !peer.timers.zeroKeyMaterial.IsPending() {
 			peer.timers.zeroKeyMaterial.Mod(RejectAfterTime * 3)
 		}
+		peer.noteSessionHandshakeStopped()
+
+		/* lx: SPEC 041 — the exhausted cycle just proved the current socket's
+		 * 5-tuple dead (90s of initiations, zero replies). Rebind once and
+		 * re-initiate, so a stale NAT mapping / poisoned DPI flow entry cannot
+		 * pin this peer to a dead socket until a manual reconnect. Runs after
+		 * the session-state notification so a consumer sees "handshake stopped"
+		 * before the socket is recreated. */
+		peer.device.handleHandshakeGiveUp(peer)
 	} else {
 		peer.timers.handshakeAttempts.Add(1)
 		peer.device.log.Verbosef("%s - Handshake did not complete after %d seconds, retrying (try %d)", peer, int(RekeyTimeout.Seconds()), peer.timers.handshakeAttempts.Load()+1)
 
+		/* lx: SPEC 041 v2 — early self-heal: >=3 unanswered initiations against
+		 * a provably dead session (no live keypair, or last handshake older
+		 * than RejectAfterTime) prove the 5-tuple dead without waiting out the
+		 * full cycle. Rebind now (debounced with the give-up trigger below);
+		 * the retry cycle itself continues untouched. */
+		peer.device.maybeEarlyGiveUpRebind(peer)
+
 		/* We clear the endpoint address src address, in case this is the cause of trouble. */
 		peer.markEndpointSrcForClearing()
 
@@ -126,6 +145,24 @@ func expiredNewHandshake(peer *Peer) {
 func expiredZeroKeyMaterial(peer *Peer) {
 	peer.device.log.Verbosef("%s - Removing all keys, since we haven't received a new one in %d seconds", peer, int((RejectAfterTime * 3).Seconds()))
 	peer.ZeroAndFlushAll()
+	if peer.deleteOnIdle {
+		peer.device.log.Verbosef("%s - Removing idle lazy peer", peer)
+		// Remove the peer from the device in a new goroutine as we're currently
+		// holding timer locks which RemovePeer also needs. This is TOCTOU, but
+		// acceptable since the worst case is we remove the peer and the lazy
+		// peerfunc created it again after. We might lose some packets.
+		go peer.device.RemovePeer(peer.handshake.remoteStatic)
+	}
+}
+
+func expiredSession(peer *Peer) {
+	peer.sessionState.Lock()
+	defer peer.sessionState.Unlock()
+	if peer.sessionState.sessionExpires.IsZero() || time.Now().Before(peer.sessionState.sessionExpires) {
+		return
+	}
+	peer.device.log.Verbosef("%s - Session expired after %d seconds", peer, int(RejectAfterTime.Seconds()))
+	peer.noteSessionStateLocked(PeerSessionExpired)
 }
 
 func expiredPersistentKeepalive(peer *Peer) {
@@ -171,6 +208,7 @@ func (peer *Peer) timersHandshakeInitiated() {
 	if peer.timersActive() {
 		peer.timers.retransmitHandshake.Mod(RekeyTimeout + time.Millisecond*time.Duration(fastrandn(RekeyTimeoutJitterMaxMs)))
 	}
+	peer.noteSessionHandshakeStarted()
 }
 
 /* Should be called after a handshake response message is received and processed or when getting key confirmation via the first data message. */
@@ -186,7 +224,14 @@ func (peer *Peer) timersHandshakeComplete() {
 /* Should be called after an ephemeral key is created, which is before sending a handshake response or after receiving a handshake response. */
 func (peer *Peer) timersSessionDerived() {
 	if peer.timersActive() {
+		peer.sessionState.Lock()
+		peer.sessionState.sessionExpires = time.Now().Add(RejectAfterTime)
+		peer.noteSessionStateLocked(PeerSessionEstablished)
+		peer.sessionState.Unlock()
+		peer.timers.sessionExpired.Mod(RejectAfterTime)
 		peer.timers.zeroKeyMaterial.Mod(RejectAfterTime * 3)
+	} else {
+		peer.noteSessionState(PeerSessionEstablished)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -202,6 +247,7 @@ func (peer *Peer) timersInit() {
 	peer.timers.retransmitHandshake = peer.NewTimer(expiredRetransmitHandshake)
 	peer.timers.sendKeepalive = peer.NewTimer(expiredSendKeepalive)
 	peer.timers.newHandshake = peer.NewTimer(expiredNewHandshake)
+	peer.timers.sessionExpired = peer.NewTimer(expiredSession)
 	peer.timers.zeroKeyMaterial = peer.NewTimer(expiredZeroKeyMaterial)
 	peer.timers.persistentKeepalive = peer.NewTimer(expiredPersistentKeepalive)
 }
@@ -216,6 +262,7 @@ func (peer *Peer) timersStop() {
 	peer.timers.retransmitHandshake.DelSync()
 	peer.timers.sendKeepalive.DelSync()
 	peer.timers.newHandshake.DelSync()
+	peer.timers.sessionExpired.DelSync()
 	peer.timers.zeroKeyMaterial.DelSync()
 	peer.timers.persistentKeepalive.DelSync()
 }

device/transport_padding_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ *
+ * Regression test for the AWG transport-padding (uapi "s4") out-of-bounds
+ * crash: RoutineSequentialSender shifts elem.packet right by
+ * device.paddings.transport bytes inside elem.buffer to prepend a random
+ * padding prefix, but the injection paths (InputPacket/InputPackets)
+ * allocated elem.buffer tightly, without headroom for that shift:
+ *
+ *   panic: runtime error: index out of range [123] with length 76
+ *   device.(*Peer).RoutineSequentialSender
+ *
+ * (payload 28 bytes -> allocLength 76, sealed packet 64, s4=60 -> 63+60=123).
+ *
+ * The tests spin up two real Devices wired together through an in-memory
+ * conn.Bind (Go channels) and an in-memory tun.Device, configure s4=60 on
+ * both sides, and pass a small IPv4 packet end to end via both outbound
+ * paths: Device.InputPacket (the crashing path) and the regular tun read
+ * loop (in-place shift path).
+ */
+
+package device
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"os"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/wireguard-go/conn"
+	"github.com/sagernet/wireguard-go/tun"
+
+	"golang.org/x/net/ipv4"
+)
+
+const testTransportPadding = 60 // uapi s4, matches the on-device crash
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// In-memory conn.Bind over Go channels (minimal bindtest.ChannelBind clone).
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+type chanEndpoint uint16
+
+func (e chanEndpoint) ClearSrc()           {}
+func (e chanEndpoint) SrcToString() string { return "" }
+func (e chanEndpoint) DstToString() string { return fmt.Sprintf("127.0.0.1:%d", uint16(e)) }
+func (e chanEndpoint) DstToBytes() []byte  { return []byte{byte(e), byte(e >> 8)} }
+func (e chanEndpoint) DstIP() netip.Addr   { return netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{127, 0, 0, 1}) }
+func (e chanEndpoint) SrcIP() netip.Addr   { return netip.Addr{} }
+
+type chanBind struct {
+	rx, tx chan []byte
+	source chanEndpoint // "port" this bind listens on
+	target chanEndpoint // endpoint of the opposite bind
+
+	mu          sync.Mutex
+	closeSignal chan struct{} // recreated on every Open (BindUpdate closes+reopens)
+}
+
+// newChanBindPair returns two Binds whose Send/Receive are cross-wired.
+func newChanBindPair() (*chanBind, *chanBind) {
+	aToB := make(chan []byte, 1024)
+	bToA := make(chan []byte, 1024)
+	a := &chanBind{rx: bToA, tx: aToB, source: 1, target: 2}
+	b := &chanBind{rx: aToB, tx: bToA, source: 2, target: 1}
+	return a, b
+}
+
+func (b *chanBind) currentCloseSignal() chan struct{} {
+	b.mu.Lock()
+	defer b.mu.Unlock()
+	return b.closeSignal
+}
+
+func (b *chanBind) Open(port uint16) ([]conn.ReceiveFunc, uint16, error) {
+	b.mu.Lock()
+	b.closeSignal = make(chan struct{})
+	closeSignal := b.closeSignal
+	b.mu.Unlock()
+	fn := func(packets [][]byte, sizes []int, eps []conn.Endpoint) (int, error) {
+		select {
+		case <-closeSignal:
+			// Must be net.ErrClosed: RoutineReceiveIncoming treats anything
+			// else as a transient error and death-spirals before exiting.
+			return 0, net.ErrClosed
+		case pkt, ok := <-b.rx:
+			if !ok {
+				return 0, net.ErrClosed
+			}
+			sizes[0] = copy(packets[0], pkt)
+			eps[0] = b.target
+			return 1, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return []conn.ReceiveFunc{fn}, uint16(b.source), nil
+}
+
+func (b *chanBind) Close() error {
+	b.mu.Lock()
+	defer b.mu.Unlock()
+	if b.closeSignal != nil {
+		select {
+		case <-b.closeSignal:
+		default:
+			close(b.closeSignal)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (b *chanBind) SetMark(mark uint32) error { return nil }
+
+func (b *chanBind) Send(bufs [][]byte, ep conn.Endpoint, offset int) error {
+	closeSignal := b.currentCloseSignal()
+	if closeSignal == nil {
+		return net.ErrClosed
+	}
+	for _, buf := range bufs {
+		pkt := make([]byte, len(buf)-offset)
+		copy(pkt, buf[offset:])
+		select {
+		case <-closeSignal:
+			return net.ErrClosed
+		case b.tx <- pkt:
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (b *chanBind) ParseEndpoint(s string) (conn.Endpoint, error) { return b.target, nil }
+
+func (b *chanBind) BatchSize() int { return 1 }
+
+func (b *chanBind) SetReservedForEndpoint(destination netip.AddrPort, reserved [3]byte) {}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// In-memory tun.Device over Go channels (minimal tuntest.ChannelTUN clone).
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+type chanTun struct {
+	toDevice   chan []byte // packets the device Reads (outbound plaintext)
+	fromDevice chan []byte // packets the device Writes (inbound plaintext)
+	events     chan tun.Event
+	closed     chan struct{}
+	closeOnce  sync.Once
+}
+
+func newChanTun() *chanTun {
+	return &chanTun{
+		toDevice:   make(chan []byte, 1024),
+		fromDevice: make(chan []byte, 1024),
+		events:     make(chan tun.Event, 4),
+		closed:     make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *chanTun) File() *os.File { return nil }
+
+func (t *chanTun) Read(bufs [][]byte, sizes []int, offset int) (int, error) {
+	select {
+	case <-t.closed:
+		return 0, os.ErrClosed
+	case pkt, ok := <-t.toDevice:
+		if !ok {
+			return 0, os.ErrClosed
+		}
+		sizes[0] = copy(bufs[0][offset:], pkt)
+		return 1, nil
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *chanTun) Write(bufs [][]byte, offset int) (int, error) {
+	for _, buf := range bufs {
+		pkt := make([]byte, len(buf)-offset)
+		copy(pkt, buf[offset:])
+		select {
+		case <-t.closed:
+			return 0, os.ErrClosed
+		case t.fromDevice <- pkt:
+		}
+	}
+	return len(bufs), nil
+}
+
+func (t *chanTun) MTU() (int, error)        { return DefaultMTU, nil }
+func (t *chanTun) Name() (string, error)    { return "chantun", nil }
+func (t *chanTun) Events() <-chan tun.Event { return t.events }
+func (t *chanTun) BatchSize() int           { return 1 }
+
+func (t *chanTun) Close() error {
+	t.closeOnce.Do(func() {
+		close(t.closed)
+		close(t.events)
+	})
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Test scaffolding.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+var (
+	testIPA = netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{10, 0, 0, 1})
+	testIPB = netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{10, 0, 0, 2})
+)
+
+// buildIPv4Packet builds a minimal, routable IPv4/UDP packet whose header
+// fields satisfy the receive-side validation in RoutineSequentialReceiver
+// (version, total-length field, allowed source address).
+func buildIPv4Packet(src, dst netip.Addr, payloadLen int) []byte {
+	total := ipv4.HeaderLen + payloadLen
+	pkt := make([]byte, total)
+	pkt[0] = 0x45 // version 4, IHL 5
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(pkt[IPv4offsetTotalLength:IPv4offsetTotalLength+2], uint16(total))
+	pkt[8] = 64 // TTL
+	pkt[9] = 17 // protocol: UDP
+	copy(pkt[IPv4offsetSrc:], src.AsSlice())
+	copy(pkt[IPv4offsetDst:], dst.AsSlice())
+	for i := ipv4.HeaderLen; i < total; i++ {
+		pkt[i] = byte(i) // deterministic payload
+	}
+	return pkt
+}
+
+type paddedPair struct {
+	devA, devB *Device
+	tunA, tunB *chanTun
+}
+
+// newPaddedDevicePair builds two Up()'d devices peered with each other over
+// the channel bind, both configured with s4 (transport padding) enabled.
+func newPaddedDevicePair(t *testing.T) *paddedPair {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	skA, err := newPrivateKey()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("newPrivateKey A: %v", err)
+	}
+	skB, err := newPrivateKey()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("newPrivateKey B: %v", err)
+	}
+	pkA := skA.publicKey()
+	pkB := skB.publicKey()
+
+	bindA, bindB := newChanBindPair()
+	tunA := newChanTun()
+	tunB := newChanTun()
+
+	devA := NewDevice(context.Background(), tunA, bindA, NewLogger(LogLevelError, "devA: "), 1)
+	devB := NewDevice(context.Background(), tunB, bindB, NewLogger(LogLevelError, "devB: "), 1)
+	t.Cleanup(devA.Close)
+	t.Cleanup(devB.Close)
+
+	cfgA := fmt.Sprintf(
+		"private_key=%s\ns4=%d\nreplace_peers=true\npublic_key=%s\nendpoint=127.0.0.1:2\nallowed_ip=%s/32\n",
+		hex.EncodeToString(skA[:]), testTransportPadding, hex.EncodeToString(pkB[:]), testIPB)
+	cfgB := fmt.Sprintf(
+		"private_key=%s\ns4=%d\nreplace_peers=true\npublic_key=%s\nendpoint=127.0.0.1:1\nallowed_ip=%s/32\n",
+		hex.EncodeToString(skB[:]), testTransportPadding, hex.EncodeToString(pkA[:]), testIPA)
+
+	if err := devA.IpcSet(cfgA); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("IpcSet A: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := devB.IpcSet(cfgB); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("IpcSet B: %v", err)
+	}
+	if devA.paddings.transport != testTransportPadding {
+		t.Fatalf("s4 not applied: paddings.transport = %d", devA.paddings.transport)
+	}
+
+	if err := devA.Up(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Up A: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := devB.Up(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Up B: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	return &paddedPair{devA: devA, devB: devB, tunA: tunA, tunB: tunB}
+}
+
+// awaitPacket waits for want to arrive on the receiving tun, periodically
+// re-sending via resend (injection has no delivery guarantee before the
+// handshake completes).
+func awaitPacket(t *testing.T, from *chanTun, want []byte, resend func()) {
+	t.Helper()
+	deadline := time.After(20 * time.Second)
+	retry := time.NewTicker(1 * time.Second)
+	defer retry.Stop()
+	for {
+		select {
+		case got := <-from.fromDevice:
+			if bytes.Equal(got, want) {
+				return
+			}
+			t.Logf("ignoring unexpected packet, len=%d", len(got))
+		case <-retry.C:
+			resend()
+		case <-deadline:
+			t.Fatal("timed out waiting for packet on peer tun")
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Tests.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// TestTransportPaddingInputPacket exercises the exact crash path: an injected
+// packet (Device.InputPacket) whose buffer was allocated by payload size.
+// With s4=60 and a 28-byte IPv4 packet the pre-fix buffer was 76 bytes and
+// the padding shift indexed [123] -> index out of range.
+func TestTransportPaddingInputPacket(t *testing.T) {
+	pair := newPaddedDevicePair(t)
+
+	// 20-byte header + 8-byte payload = 28 bytes, the on-device crash size.
+	pkt := buildIPv4Packet(testIPA, testIPB, 8)
+	dst := testIPB.AsSlice()
+
+	send := func() { pair.devA.InputPacket(dst, [][]byte{pkt}) }
+	send()
+	awaitPacket(t, pair.tunB, pkt, send)
+}
+
+// TestTransportPaddingInputPackets covers the batched injection path
+// (Device.InputPackets), which had the same tight allocation.
+func TestTransportPaddingInputPackets(t *testing.T) {
+	pair := newPaddedDevicePair(t)
+
+	pkt := buildIPv4Packet(testIPA, testIPB, 8)
+	refs := []*InputPacketRef{{
+		Destination:  testIPB.AsSlice(),
+		PacketSlices: [][]byte{pkt[:12], pkt[12:]}, // multi-slice on purpose
+	}}
+
+	send := func() {
+		if unmatched := pair.devA.InputPackets(refs); len(unmatched) != 0 {
+			t.Fatalf("InputPackets returned %d unmatched refs", len(unmatched))
+		}
+	}
+	send()
+	awaitPacket(t, pair.tunB, pkt, send)
+}
+
+// TestTransportPaddingTunPath covers the regular outbound path (tun read
+// loop), whose MaxMessageSize buffers take the in-place shift branch.
+func TestTransportPaddingTunPath(t *testing.T) {
+	pair := newPaddedDevicePair(t)
+
+	pkt := buildIPv4Packet(testIPA, testIPB, 8)
+
+	send := func() { pair.tunA.toDevice <- pkt }
+	send()
+	awaitPacket(t, pair.tunB, pkt, send)
+}

device/tun.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ package device
 import (
 	"fmt"
 
-	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun"
+	"github.com/sagernet/wireguard-go/tun"
 )
 
 const DefaultMTU = 1420

device/uapi.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
-	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/ipc"
+	"github.com/sagernet/wireguard-go/ipc"
 )
 
 type IPCError struct {
@@ -97,6 +97,56 @@ func (device *Device) IpcGetOperation(w io.Writer) error {
 			sendf("fwmark=%d", device.net.fwmark)
 		}
 
+		if device.junk.count != 0 {
+			sendf("jc=%d", device.junk.count)
+		}
+
+		if device.junk.min != 0 {
+			sendf("jmin=%d", device.junk.min)
+		}
+
+		if device.junk.max != 0 {
+			sendf("jmax=%d", device.junk.max)
+		}
+
+		if device.paddings.init != 0 {
+			sendf("s1=%d", device.paddings.init)
+		}
+
+		if device.paddings.response != 0 {
+			sendf("s2=%d", device.paddings.response)
+		}
+
+		if device.paddings.cookie != 0 {
+			sendf("s3=%d", device.paddings.cookie)
+		}
+
+		if device.paddings.transport != 0 {
+			sendf("s4=%d", device.paddings.transport)
+		}
+
+		if device.headers.init != nil {
+			sendf("h1=%s", device.headers.init.GenSpec())
+		}
+
+		if device.headers.response != nil {
+			sendf("h2=%s", device.headers.response.GenSpec())
+		}
+
+		if device.headers.cookie != nil {
+			sendf("h3=%s", device.headers.cookie.GenSpec())
+		}
+
+		if device.headers.transport != nil {
+			sendf("h4=%s", device.headers.transport.GenSpec())
+		}
+
+		for i, ipacket := range device.ipackets {
+			if ipacket != nil {
+				sendf("i%d=%s", i+1, ipacket.Spec)
+			}
+		}
+
 		for _, peer := range device.peers.keyMap {
 			// Serialize peer state.
 			peer.handshake.mutex.RLock()
@@ -147,6 +197,7 @@ func (device *Device) IpcSetOperation(r io.Reader) (err error) {
 		}
 	}()
 
+	ipcDev := new(ipcSetDevice)
 	peer := new(ipcSetPeer)
 	deviceConfig := true
 
@@ -155,12 +206,20 @@ func (device *Device) IpcSetOperation(r io.Reader) (err error) {
 		line := scanner.Text()
 		if line == "" {
 			// Blank line means terminate operation.
+			err := ipcDev.mergeWithDevice(device)
+			if err != nil {
+				return ipcErrorf(ipc.IpcErrorInvalid, "failed to merge with device: %w", err)
+			}
 			peer.handlePostConfig()
 			return nil
 		}
 		key, value, ok := strings.Cut(line, "=")
 		if !ok {
-			return ipcErrorf(ipc.IpcErrorProtocol, "failed to parse line %q", line)
+			return ipcErrorf(
+				ipc.IpcErrorProtocol,
+				"failed to parse line %q",
+				line,
+			)
 		}
 
 		if key == "public_key" {
@@ -186,6 +245,10 @@ func (device *Device) IpcSetOperation(r io.Reader) (err error) {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
+	err = ipcDev.mergeWithDevice(device)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ipcErrorf(ipc.IpcErrorInvalid, "failed to merge with device: %w", err)
+	}
 	peer.handlePostConfig()
 
 	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
@@ -235,11 +298,155 @@ func (device *Device) handleDeviceLine(key, value string) error {
 
 	case "replace_peers":
 		if value != "true" {
-			return ipcErrorf(ipc.IpcErrorInvalid, "failed to set replace_peers, invalid value: %v", value)
+			return ipcErrorf(
+				ipc.IpcErrorInvalid,
+				"failed to set replace_peers, invalid value: %v",
+				value,
+			)
 		}
 		device.log.Verbosef("UAPI: Removing all peers")
 		device.RemoveAllPeers()
 
+	case "jc":
+		jc, err := strconv.Atoi(value)
+		if err != nil {
+			return ipcErrorf(ipc.IpcErrorInvalid, "failed to parse jc: %w", err)
+		}
+		if jc <= 0 {
+			return ipcErrorf(ipc.IpcErrorInvalid, "jc must be a positive value")
+		}
+		device.log.Verbosef("UAPI: Updating junk count")
+		device.junk.count = jc
+
+	case "jmin":
+		jmin, err := strconv.Atoi(value)
+		if err != nil {
+			return ipcErrorf(ipc.IpcErrorInvalid, "failed to parse jmin: %w", err)
+		}
+		if jmin <= 0 {
+			return ipcErrorf(ipc.IpcErrorInvalid, "jmin must be a positive value")
+		}
+		device.log.Verbosef("UAPI: Updating junk min")
+		device.junk.min = jmin
+
+	case "jmax":
+		jmax, err := strconv.Atoi(value)
+		if err != nil {
+			return ipcErrorf(ipc.IpcErrorInvalid, "failed to parse jmax: %w", err)
+		}
+		if jmax <= 0 {
+			return ipcErrorf(ipc.IpcErrorInvalid, "jmax must be a positive value")
+		}
+		device.log.Verbosef("UAPI: Updating junk max")
+		device.junk.max = jmax
+
+	case "s1":
+		padding, err := strconv.Atoi(value)
+		if err != nil {
+			return ipcErrorf(ipc.IpcErrorInvalid, "failed to parse s1: %w", err)
+		}
+		if padding < 0 {
+			return ipcErrorf(ipc.IpcErrorInvalid, "s1 must be non-negative")
+		}
+		device.log.Verbosef("UAPI: Updating s1 padding")
+		device.paddings.init = padding
+
+	case "s2":
+		padding, err := strconv.Atoi(value)
+		if err != nil {
+			return ipcErrorf(ipc.IpcErrorInvalid, "failed to parse s2: %w", err)
+		}
+		if padding < 0 {
+			return ipcErrorf(ipc.IpcErrorInvalid, "s2 must be non-negative")
+		}
+		device.log.Verbosef("UAPI: Updating s2 padding")
+		device.paddings.response = padding
+
+	case "s3":
+		padding, err := strconv.Atoi(value)
+		if err != nil {
+			return ipcErrorf(ipc.IpcErrorInvalid, "failed to parse s3: %w", err)
+		}
+		if padding < 0 {
+			return ipcErrorf(ipc.IpcErrorInvalid, "s3 must be non-negative")
+		}
+		device.log.Verbosef("UAPI: Updating s3 padding")
+		device.paddings.cookie = padding
+
+	case "s4":
+		padding, err := strconv.Atoi(value)
+		if err != nil {
+			return ipcErrorf(ipc.IpcErrorInvalid, "failed to parse s4: %w", err)
+		}
+		if padding < 0 {
+			return ipcErrorf(ipc.IpcErrorInvalid, "s4 must be non-negative")
+		}
+		device.log.Verbosef("UAPI: Updating s4 padding")
+		device.paddings.transport = padding
+
+	case "h1":
+		header, err := newMagicHeader(value)
+		if err != nil {
+			return ipcErrorf(ipc.IpcErrorInvalid, "failed to parse H1: %w", err)
+		}
+		device.headers.init = header
+
+	case "h2":
+		header, err := newMagicHeader(value)
+		if err != nil {
+			return ipcErrorf(ipc.IpcErrorInvalid, "failed to parse H2: %w", err)
+		}
+		device.headers.response = header
+
+	case "h3":
+		header, err := newMagicHeader(value)
+		if err != nil {
+			return ipcErrorf(ipc.IpcErrorInvalid, "failed to parse H3: %w", err)
+		}
+		device.headers.cookie = header
+
+	case "h4":
+		header, err := newMagicHeader(value)
+		if err != nil {
+			return ipcErrorf(ipc.IpcErrorInvalid, "failed to parse H4: %w", err)
+		}
+		device.headers.transport = header
+
+	case "i1":
+		chain, err := newObfChain(value)
+		if err != nil {
+			return ipcErrorf(ipc.IpcErrorInvalid, "failed to parse I1: %w", err)
+		}
+		device.ipackets[0] = chain
+
+	case "i2":
+		chain, err := newObfChain(value)
+		if err != nil {
+			return ipcErrorf(ipc.IpcErrorInvalid, "failed to parse I2: %w", err)
+		}
+		device.ipackets[1] = chain
+
+	case "i3":
+		chain, err := newObfChain(value)
+		if err != nil {
+			return ipcErrorf(ipc.IpcErrorInvalid, "failed to parse I3: %w", err)
+		}
+		device.ipackets[2] = chain
+
+	case "i4":
+		chain, err := newObfChain(value)
+		if err != nil {
+			return ipcErrorf(ipc.IpcErrorInvalid, "failed to parse I4: %w", err)
+		}
+		device.ipackets[3] = chain
+
+	case "i5":
+		chain, err := newObfChain(value)
+		if err != nil {
+			return ipcErrorf(ipc.IpcErrorInvalid, "failed to parse I5: %w", err)
+		}
+		device.ipackets[4] = chain
+
 	default:
 		return ipcErrorf(ipc.IpcErrorInvalid, "invalid UAPI device key: %v", key)
 	}
@@ -271,7 +478,10 @@ func (peer *ipcSetPeer) handlePostConfig() {
 	}
 }
 
-func (device *Device) handlePublicKeyLine(peer *ipcSetPeer, value string) error {
+func (device *Device) handlePublicKeyLine(
+	peer *ipcSetPeer,
+	value string,
+) error {
 	// Load/create the peer we are configuring.
 	var publicKey NoisePublicKey
 	err := publicKey.FromHex(value)
@@ -301,12 +511,19 @@ func (device *Device) handlePublicKeyLine(peer *ipcSetPeer, value string) error
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (device *Device) handlePeerLine(peer *ipcSetPeer, key, value string) error {
+func (device *Device) handlePeerLine(
+	peer *ipcSetPeer,
+	key, value string,
+) error {
 	switch key {
 	case "update_only":
 		// allow disabling of creation
 		if value != "true" {
-			return ipcErrorf(ipc.IpcErrorInvalid, "failed to set update only, invalid value: %v", value)
+			return ipcErrorf(
+				ipc.IpcErrorInvalid,
+				"failed to set update only, invalid value: %v",
+				value,
+			)
 		}
 		if peer.created && !peer.dummy {
 			device.RemovePeer(peer.handshake.remoteStatic)
@@ -352,7 +569,11 @@ func (device *Device) handlePeerLine(peer *ipcSetPeer, key, value string) error
 
 		secs, err := strconv.ParseUint(value, 10, 16)
 		if err != nil {
-			return ipcErrorf(ipc.IpcErrorInvalid, "failed to set persistent keepalive interval: %w", err)
+			return ipcErrorf(
+				ipc.IpcErrorInvalid,
+				"failed to set persistent keepalive interval: %w",
+				err,
+			)
 		}
 
 		old := peer.persistentKeepaliveInterval.Swap(uint32(secs))
@@ -363,7 +584,11 @@ func (device *Device) handlePeerLine(peer *ipcSetPeer, key, value string) error
 	case "replace_allowed_ips":
 		device.log.Verbosef("%v - UAPI: Removing all allowedips", peer.Peer)
 		if value != "true" {
-			return ipcErrorf(ipc.IpcErrorInvalid, "failed to replace allowedips, invalid value: %v", value)
+			return ipcErrorf(
+				ipc.IpcErrorInvalid,
+				"failed to replace allowedips, invalid value: %v",
+				value,
+			)
 		}
 		if peer.dummy {
 			return nil
@@ -371,7 +596,14 @@ func (device *Device) handlePeerLine(peer *ipcSetPeer, key, value string) error
 		device.allowedips.RemoveByPeer(peer.Peer)
 
 	case "allowed_ip":
-		device.log.Verbosef("%v - UAPI: Adding allowedip", peer.Peer)
+		add := true
+		verb := "Adding"
+		if len(value) > 0 && value[0] == '-' {
+			add = false
+			verb = "Removing"
+			value = value[1:]
+		}
+		device.log.Verbosef("%v - UAPI: %s allowedip", peer.Peer, verb)
 		prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(value)
 		if err != nil {
 			return ipcErrorf(ipc.IpcErrorInvalid, "failed to set allowed ip: %w", err)
@@ -379,7 +611,11 @@ func (device *Device) handlePeerLine(peer *ipcSetPeer, key, value string) error
 		if peer.dummy {
 			return nil
 		}
+		if add {
 			device.allowedips.Insert(prefix, peer.Peer)
+		} else {
+			device.allowedips.Remove(prefix, peer.Peer)
+		}
 
 	case "protocol_version":
 		if value != "1" {
@@ -431,7 +667,11 @@ func (device *Device) IpcHandle(socket net.Conn) {
 				return
 			}
 			if nextByte != '\n' {
-				err = ipcErrorf(ipc.IpcErrorInvalid, "trailing character in UAPI get: %q", nextByte)
+				err = ipcErrorf(
+					ipc.IpcErrorInvalid,
+					"trailing character in UAPI get: %q",
+					nextByte,
+				)
 				break
 			}
 			err = device.IpcGetOperation(buffered.Writer)
@@ -455,3 +695,49 @@ func (device *Device) IpcHandle(socket net.Conn) {
 		buffered.Flush()
 	}
 }
+
+type ipcSetDevice struct {
+	headers struct {
+		init      *magicHeader
+		response  *magicHeader
+		cookie    *magicHeader
+		transport *magicHeader
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *ipcSetDevice) mergeWithDevice(device *Device) error {
+	if d.headers.init == nil {
+		d.headers.init = device.headers.init
+	}
+
+	if d.headers.response == nil {
+		d.headers.response = device.headers.response
+	}
+
+	if d.headers.cookie == nil {
+		d.headers.cookie = device.headers.cookie
+	}
+
+	if d.headers.transport == nil {
+		d.headers.transport = device.headers.transport
+	}
+
+	headers := []*magicHeader{d.headers.init, d.headers.response, d.headers.cookie, d.headers.transport}
+	for i := 0; i < len(headers); i++ {
+		for j := i + 1; j < len(headers); j++ {
+			left := headers[i]
+			right := headers[j]
+
+			if left.start <= right.end && right.start <= left.end {
+				return errors.New("headers must not overlap")
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	device.headers.init = d.headers.init
+	device.headers.response = d.headers.response
+	device.headers.cookie = d.headers.cookie
+	device.headers.transport = d.headers.transport
+
+	return nil
+}

format_test.go

@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
- */
-package main
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"go/format"
-	"io/fs"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"runtime"
-	"sync"
-	"testing"
-)
-
-func TestFormatting(t *testing.T) {
-	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-	filepath.WalkDir(".", func(path string, d fs.DirEntry, err error) error {
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Errorf("unable to walk %s: %v", path, err)
-			return nil
-		}
-		if d.IsDir() || filepath.Ext(path) != ".go" {
-			return nil
-		}
-		wg.Add(1)
-		go func(path string) {
-			defer wg.Done()
-			src, err := os.ReadFile(path)
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Errorf("unable to read %s: %v", path, err)
-				return
-			}
-			if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-				src = bytes.ReplaceAll(src, []byte{'\r', '\n'}, []byte{'\n'})
-			}
-			formatted, err := format.Source(src)
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Errorf("unable to format %s: %v", path, err)
-				return
-			}
-			if !bytes.Equal(src, formatted) {
-				t.Errorf("unformatted code: %s", path)
-			}
-		}(path)
-		return nil
-	})
-	wg.Wait()
-}

go.mod

@@ -1,16 +1,11 @@
-module golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard
+module github.com/sagernet/wireguard-go
 
-go 1.20
+go 1.25
 
 require (
+	github.com/sagernet/sing v0.7.10
 	golang.org/x/crypto v0.13.0
 	golang.org/x/net v0.15.0
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.12.0
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2
-	gvisor.dev/gvisor v0.0.0-20230927004350-cbd86285d259
-)
-
-require (
-	github.com/google/btree v1.0.1 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20220210224613-90d013bbcef8 // indirect
 )

go.sum

@@ -1,14 +1,10 @@
-github.com/google/btree v1.0.1 h1:gK4Kx5IaGY9CD5sPJ36FHiBJ6ZXl0kilRiiCj+jdYp4=
-github.com/google/btree v1.0.1/go.mod h1:xXMiIv4Fb/0kKde4SpL7qlzvu5cMJDRkFDxJfI9uaxA=
+github.com/sagernet/sing v0.7.10 h1:2yPhZFx+EkyHPH8hXNezgyRSHyGY12CboId7CtwLROw=
+github.com/sagernet/sing v0.7.10/go.mod h1:ARkL0gM13/Iv5VCZmci/NuoOlePoIsW0m7BWfln/Hak=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.13.0 h1:mvySKfSWJ+UKUii46M40LOvyWfN0s2U+46/jDd0e6Ck=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.13.0/go.mod h1:y6Z2r+Rw4iayiXXAIxJIDAJ1zMW4yaTpebo8fPOliYc=
 golang.org/x/net v0.15.0 h1:ugBLEUaxABaB5AJqW9enI0ACdci2RUd4eP51NTBvuJ8=
 golang.org/x/net v0.15.0/go.mod h1:idbUs1IY1+zTqbi8yxTbhexhEEk5ur9LInksu6HrEpk=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.12.0 h1:CM0HF96J0hcLAwsHPJZjfdNzs0gftsLfgKt57wWHJ0o=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.12.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20220210224613-90d013bbcef8 h1:vVKdlvoWBphwdxWKrFZEuM0kGgGLxUOYcY4U/2Vjg44=
-golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20220210224613-90d013bbcef8/go.mod h1:tRJNPiyCQ0inRvYxbN9jk5I+vvW/OXSQhTDSoE431IQ=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0 h1:rF+pYz3DAGSQAxAu1CbC7catZg4ebC4UIeIhKxBZvws=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2 h1:B82qJJgjvYKsXS9jeunTOisW56dUokqW/FOteYJJ/yg=
 golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2/go.mod h1:deeaetjYA+DHMHg+sMSMI58GrEteJUUzzw7en6TJQcI=
-gvisor.dev/gvisor v0.0.0-20230927004350-cbd86285d259 h1:TbRPT0HtzFP3Cno1zZo7yPzEEnfu8EjLfl6IU9VfqkQ=
-gvisor.dev/gvisor v0.0.0-20230927004350-cbd86285d259/go.mod h1:AVgIgHMwK63XvmAzWG9vLQ41YnVHN0du0tEC46fI7yY=

ipc/namedpipe/namedpipe_test.go

@@ -1,674 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2021 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
-// Copyright 2015 Microsoft
-// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
-// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
-
-//go:build windows
-
-package namedpipe_test
-
-import (
-	"bufio"
-	"bytes"
-	"context"
-	"errors"
-	"io"
-	"net"
-	"os"
-	"sync"
-	"syscall"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
-	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/ipc/namedpipe"
-)
-
-func randomPipePath() string {
-	guid, err := windows.GenerateGUID()
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	return `\\.\PIPE\go-namedpipe-test-` + guid.String()
-}
-
-func TestPingPong(t *testing.T) {
-	const (
-		ping = 42
-		pong = 24
-	)
-	pipePath := randomPipePath()
-	listener, err := namedpipe.Listen(pipePath)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unable to listen on pipe: %v", err)
-	}
-	defer listener.Close()
-	go func() {
-		incoming, err := listener.Accept()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("unable to accept pipe connection: %v", err)
-		}
-		defer incoming.Close()
-		var data [1]byte
-		_, err = incoming.Read(data[:])
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("unable to read ping from pipe: %v", err)
-		}
-		if data[0] != ping {
-			t.Fatalf("expected ping, got %d", data[0])
-		}
-		data[0] = pong
-		_, err = incoming.Write(data[:])
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("unable to write pong to pipe: %v", err)
-		}
-	}()
-	client, err := namedpipe.DialTimeout(pipePath, time.Duration(0))
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unable to dial pipe: %v", err)
-	}
-	defer client.Close()
-	client.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(time.Second * 5))
-	var data [1]byte
-	data[0] = ping
-	_, err = client.Write(data[:])
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unable to write ping to pipe: %v", err)
-	}
-	_, err = client.Read(data[:])
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unable to read pong from pipe: %v", err)
-	}
-	if data[0] != pong {
-		t.Fatalf("expected pong, got %d", data[0])
-	}
-}
-
-func TestDialUnknownFailsImmediately(t *testing.T) {
-	_, err := namedpipe.DialTimeout(randomPipePath(), time.Duration(0))
-	if !errors.Is(err, syscall.ENOENT) {
-		t.Fatalf("expected ENOENT got %v", err)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestDialListenerTimesOut(t *testing.T) {
-	pipePath := randomPipePath()
-	l, err := namedpipe.Listen(pipePath)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	defer l.Close()
-	pipe, err := namedpipe.DialTimeout(pipePath, 10*time.Millisecond)
-	if err == nil {
-		pipe.Close()
-	}
-	if err != os.ErrDeadlineExceeded {
-		t.Fatalf("expected os.ErrDeadlineExceeded, got %v", err)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestDialContextListenerTimesOut(t *testing.T) {
-	pipePath := randomPipePath()
-	l, err := namedpipe.Listen(pipePath)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	defer l.Close()
-	d := 10 * time.Millisecond
-	ctx, _ := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), d)
-	pipe, err := namedpipe.DialContext(ctx, pipePath)
-	if err == nil {
-		pipe.Close()
-	}
-	if err != context.DeadlineExceeded {
-		t.Fatalf("expected context.DeadlineExceeded, got %v", err)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestDialListenerGetsCancelled(t *testing.T) {
-	pipePath := randomPipePath()
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-	l, err := namedpipe.Listen(pipePath)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	defer l.Close()
-	ch := make(chan error)
-	go func(ctx context.Context, ch chan error) {
-		_, err := namedpipe.DialContext(ctx, pipePath)
-		ch <- err
-	}(ctx, ch)
-	time.Sleep(time.Millisecond * 30)
-	cancel()
-	err = <-ch
-	if err != context.Canceled {
-		t.Fatalf("expected context.Canceled, got %v", err)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestDialAccessDeniedWithRestrictedSD(t *testing.T) {
-	if windows.NewLazySystemDLL("ntdll.dll").NewProc("wine_get_version").Find() == nil {
-		t.Skip("dacls on named pipes are broken on wine")
-	}
-	pipePath := randomPipePath()
-	sd, _ := windows.SecurityDescriptorFromString("D:")
-	l, err := (&namedpipe.ListenConfig{
-		SecurityDescriptor: sd,
-	}).Listen(pipePath)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	defer l.Close()
-	pipe, err := namedpipe.DialTimeout(pipePath, time.Duration(0))
-	if err == nil {
-		pipe.Close()
-	}
-	if !errors.Is(err, windows.ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED) {
-		t.Fatalf("expected ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED, got %v", err)
-	}
-}
-
-func getConnection(cfg *namedpipe.ListenConfig) (client, server net.Conn, err error) {
-	pipePath := randomPipePath()
-	if cfg == nil {
-		cfg = &namedpipe.ListenConfig{}
-	}
-	l, err := cfg.Listen(pipePath)
-	if err != nil {
-		return
-	}
-	defer l.Close()
-
-	type response struct {
-		c   net.Conn
-		err error
-	}
-	ch := make(chan response)
-	go func() {
-		c, err := l.Accept()
-		ch <- response{c, err}
-	}()
-
-	c, err := namedpipe.DialTimeout(pipePath, time.Duration(0))
-	if err != nil {
-		return
-	}
-
-	r := <-ch
-	if err = r.err; err != nil {
-		c.Close()
-		return
-	}
-
-	client = c
-	server = r.c
-	return
-}
-
-func TestReadTimeout(t *testing.T) {
-	c, s, err := getConnection(nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	defer c.Close()
-	defer s.Close()
-
-	c.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(10 * time.Millisecond))
-
-	buf := make([]byte, 10)
-	_, err = c.Read(buf)
-	if err != os.ErrDeadlineExceeded {
-		t.Fatalf("expected os.ErrDeadlineExceeded, got %v", err)
-	}
-}
-
-func server(l net.Listener, ch chan int) {
-	c, err := l.Accept()
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	rw := bufio.NewReadWriter(bufio.NewReader(c), bufio.NewWriter(c))
-	s, err := rw.ReadString('\n')
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	_, err = rw.WriteString("got " + s)
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	err = rw.Flush()
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	c.Close()
-	ch <- 1
-}
-
-func TestFullListenDialReadWrite(t *testing.T) {
-	pipePath := randomPipePath()
-	l, err := namedpipe.Listen(pipePath)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	defer l.Close()
-
-	ch := make(chan int)
-	go server(l, ch)
-
-	c, err := namedpipe.DialTimeout(pipePath, time.Duration(0))
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	defer c.Close()
-
-	rw := bufio.NewReadWriter(bufio.NewReader(c), bufio.NewWriter(c))
-	_, err = rw.WriteString("hello world\n")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	err = rw.Flush()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	s, err := rw.ReadString('\n')
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	ms := "got hello world\n"
-	if s != ms {
-		t.Errorf("expected '%s', got '%s'", ms, s)
-	}
-
-	<-ch
-}
-
-func TestCloseAbortsListen(t *testing.T) {
-	pipePath := randomPipePath()
-	l, err := namedpipe.Listen(pipePath)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	ch := make(chan error)
-	go func() {
-		_, err := l.Accept()
-		ch <- err
-	}()
-
-	time.Sleep(30 * time.Millisecond)
-	l.Close()
-
-	err = <-ch
-	if err != net.ErrClosed {
-		t.Fatalf("expected net.ErrClosed, got %v", err)
-	}
-}
-
-func ensureEOFOnClose(t *testing.T, r io.Reader, w io.Closer) {
-	b := make([]byte, 10)
-	w.Close()
-	n, err := r.Read(b)
-	if n > 0 {
-		t.Errorf("unexpected byte count %d", n)
-	}
-	if err != io.EOF {
-		t.Errorf("expected EOF: %v", err)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestCloseClientEOFServer(t *testing.T) {
-	c, s, err := getConnection(nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	defer c.Close()
-	defer s.Close()
-	ensureEOFOnClose(t, c, s)
-}
-
-func TestCloseServerEOFClient(t *testing.T) {
-	c, s, err := getConnection(nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	defer c.Close()
-	defer s.Close()
-	ensureEOFOnClose(t, s, c)
-}
-
-func TestCloseWriteEOF(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg := &namedpipe.ListenConfig{
-		MessageMode: true,
-	}
-	c, s, err := getConnection(cfg)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	defer c.Close()
-	defer s.Close()
-
-	type closeWriter interface {
-		CloseWrite() error
-	}
-
-	err = c.(closeWriter).CloseWrite()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	b := make([]byte, 10)
-	_, err = s.Read(b)
-	if err != io.EOF {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAcceptAfterCloseFails(t *testing.T) {
-	pipePath := randomPipePath()
-	l, err := namedpipe.Listen(pipePath)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	l.Close()
-	_, err = l.Accept()
-	if err != net.ErrClosed {
-		t.Fatalf("expected net.ErrClosed, got %v", err)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestDialTimesOutByDefault(t *testing.T) {
-	pipePath := randomPipePath()
-	l, err := namedpipe.Listen(pipePath)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	defer l.Close()
-	pipe, err := namedpipe.DialTimeout(pipePath, time.Duration(0)) // Should timeout after 2 seconds.
-	if err == nil {
-		pipe.Close()
-	}
-	if err != os.ErrDeadlineExceeded {
-		t.Fatalf("expected os.ErrDeadlineExceeded, got %v", err)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestTimeoutPendingRead(t *testing.T) {
-	pipePath := randomPipePath()
-	l, err := namedpipe.Listen(pipePath)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	defer l.Close()
-
-	serverDone := make(chan struct{})
-
-	go func() {
-		s, err := l.Accept()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
-		s.Close()
-		close(serverDone)
-	}()
-
-	client, err := namedpipe.DialTimeout(pipePath, time.Duration(0))
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	defer client.Close()
-
-	clientErr := make(chan error)
-	go func() {
-		buf := make([]byte, 10)
-		_, err = client.Read(buf)
-		clientErr <- err
-	}()
-
-	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond) // make *sure* the pipe is reading before we set the deadline
-	client.SetReadDeadline(time.Unix(1, 0))
-
-	select {
-	case err = <-clientErr:
-		if err != os.ErrDeadlineExceeded {
-			t.Fatalf("expected os.ErrDeadlineExceeded, got %v", err)
-		}
-	case <-time.After(100 * time.Millisecond):
-		t.Fatalf("timed out while waiting for read to cancel")
-		<-clientErr
-	}
-	<-serverDone
-}
-
-func TestTimeoutPendingWrite(t *testing.T) {
-	pipePath := randomPipePath()
-	l, err := namedpipe.Listen(pipePath)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	defer l.Close()
-
-	serverDone := make(chan struct{})
-
-	go func() {
-		s, err := l.Accept()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
-		s.Close()
-		close(serverDone)
-	}()
-
-	client, err := namedpipe.DialTimeout(pipePath, time.Duration(0))
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	defer client.Close()
-
-	clientErr := make(chan error)
-	go func() {
-		_, err = client.Write([]byte("this should timeout"))
-		clientErr <- err
-	}()
-
-	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond) // make *sure* the pipe is writing before we set the deadline
-	client.SetWriteDeadline(time.Unix(1, 0))
-
-	select {
-	case err = <-clientErr:
-		if err != os.ErrDeadlineExceeded {
-			t.Fatalf("expected os.ErrDeadlineExceeded, got %v", err)
-		}
-	case <-time.After(100 * time.Millisecond):
-		t.Fatalf("timed out while waiting for write to cancel")
-		<-clientErr
-	}
-	<-serverDone
-}
-
-type CloseWriter interface {
-	CloseWrite() error
-}
-
-func TestEchoWithMessaging(t *testing.T) {
-	pipePath := randomPipePath()
-	l, err := (&namedpipe.ListenConfig{
-		MessageMode:      true,  // Use message mode so that CloseWrite() is supported
-		InputBufferSize:  65536, // Use 64KB buffers to improve performance
-		OutputBufferSize: 65536,
-	}).Listen(pipePath)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	defer l.Close()
-
-	listenerDone := make(chan bool)
-	clientDone := make(chan bool)
-	go func() {
-		// server echo
-		conn, err := l.Accept()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		defer conn.Close()
-
-		time.Sleep(500 * time.Millisecond) // make *sure* we don't begin to read before eof signal is sent
-		_, err = io.Copy(conn, conn)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		conn.(CloseWriter).CloseWrite()
-		close(listenerDone)
-	}()
-	client, err := namedpipe.DialTimeout(pipePath, time.Second)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	defer client.Close()
-
-	go func() {
-		// client read back
-		bytes := make([]byte, 2)
-		n, e := client.Read(bytes)
-		if e != nil {
-			t.Fatal(e)
-		}
-		if n != 2 || bytes[0] != 0 || bytes[1] != 1 {
-			t.Fatalf("expected 2 bytes, got %v", n)
-		}
-		close(clientDone)
-	}()
-
-	payload := make([]byte, 2)
-	payload[0] = 0
-	payload[1] = 1
-
-	n, err := client.Write(payload)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	if n != 2 {
-		t.Fatalf("expected 2 bytes, got %v", n)
-	}
-	client.(CloseWriter).CloseWrite()
-	<-listenerDone
-	<-clientDone
-}
-
-func TestConnectRace(t *testing.T) {
-	pipePath := randomPipePath()
-	l, err := namedpipe.Listen(pipePath)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	defer l.Close()
-	go func() {
-		for {
-			s, err := l.Accept()
-			if err == net.ErrClosed {
-				return
-			}
-
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatal(err)
-			}
-			s.Close()
-		}
-	}()
-
-	for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
-		c, err := namedpipe.DialTimeout(pipePath, time.Duration(0))
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		c.Close()
-	}
-}
-
-func TestMessageReadMode(t *testing.T) {
-	if maj, _, _ := windows.RtlGetNtVersionNumbers(); maj <= 8 {
-		t.Skipf("Skipping on Windows %d", maj)
-	}
-	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-	defer wg.Wait()
-	pipePath := randomPipePath()
-	l, err := (&namedpipe.ListenConfig{MessageMode: true}).Listen(pipePath)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	defer l.Close()
-
-	msg := ([]byte)("hello world")
-
-	wg.Add(1)
-	go func() {
-		defer wg.Done()
-		s, err := l.Accept()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		_, err = s.Write(msg)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		s.Close()
-	}()
-
-	c, err := namedpipe.DialTimeout(pipePath, time.Duration(0))
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	defer c.Close()
-
-	mode := uint32(windows.PIPE_READMODE_MESSAGE)
-	err = windows.SetNamedPipeHandleState(c.(interface{ Handle() windows.Handle }).Handle(), &mode, nil, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	ch := make([]byte, 1)
-	var vmsg []byte
-	for {
-		n, err := c.Read(ch)
-		if err == io.EOF {
-			break
-		}
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		if n != 1 {
-			t.Fatalf("expected 1, got %d", n)
-		}
-		vmsg = append(vmsg, ch[0])
-	}
-	if !bytes.Equal(msg, vmsg) {
-		t.Fatalf("expected %s, got %s", msg, vmsg)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestListenConnectRace(t *testing.T) {
-	if testing.Short() {
-		t.Skip("Skipping long race test")
-	}
-	pipePath := randomPipePath()
-	for i := 0; i < 50 && !t.Failed(); i++ {
-		var wg sync.WaitGroup
-		wg.Add(1)
-		go func() {
-			c, err := namedpipe.DialTimeout(pipePath, time.Duration(0))
-			if err == nil {
-				c.Close()
-			}
-			wg.Done()
-		}()
-		s, err := namedpipe.Listen(pipePath)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Error(i, err)
-		} else {
-			s.Close()
-		}
-		wg.Wait()
-	}
-}

ipc/uapi_bsd.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package ipc

ipc/uapi_linux.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package ipc
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"os"
 
+	"github.com/sagernet/wireguard-go/rwcancel"
 	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
-	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/rwcancel"
 )
 
 type UAPIListener struct {
@@ -84,7 +84,6 @@ func UAPIListen(name string, file *os.File) (net.Listener, error) {
 			unix.IN_DELETE|
 			unix.IN_DELETE_SELF,
 	)
-
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}

ipc/uapi_unix.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package ipc

ipc/uapi_wasm.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package ipc

ipc/uapi_windows.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package ipc
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ package ipc
 import (
 	"net"
 
+	"github.com/sagernet/wireguard-go/ipc/namedpipe"
 	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
-	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/ipc/namedpipe"
 )
 
 // TODO: replace these with actual standard windows error numbers from the win package

main.go

@@ -1,268 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !windows
-
-/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
- */
-
-package main
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"os/signal"
-	"runtime"
-	"strconv"
-
-	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
-	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/conn"
-	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/device"
-	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/ipc"
-	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun"
-)
-
-const (
-	ExitSetupSuccess = 0
-	ExitSetupFailed  = 1
-)
-
-const (
-	ENV_WG_TUN_FD             = "WG_TUN_FD"
-	ENV_WG_UAPI_FD            = "WG_UAPI_FD"
-	ENV_WG_PROCESS_FOREGROUND = "WG_PROCESS_FOREGROUND"
-)
-
-func printUsage() {
-	fmt.Printf("Usage: %s [-f/--foreground] INTERFACE-NAME\n", os.Args[0])
-}
-
-func warning() {
-	switch runtime.GOOS {
-	case "linux", "freebsd", "openbsd":
-		if os.Getenv(ENV_WG_PROCESS_FOREGROUND) == "1" {
-			return
-		}
-	default:
-		return
-	}
-
-	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐")
-	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "│                                                      │")
-	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "│   Running wireguard-go is not required because this  │")
-	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "│   kernel has first class support for WireGuard. For  │")
-	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "│   information on installing the kernel module,       │")
-	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "│   please visit:                                      │")
-	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "│         https://www.wireguard.com/install/           │")
-	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "│                                                      │")
-	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘")
-}
-
-func main() {
-	if len(os.Args) == 2 && os.Args[1] == "--version" {
-		fmt.Printf("wireguard-go v%s\n\nUserspace WireGuard daemon for %s-%s.\nInformation available at https://www.wireguard.com.\nCopyright (C) Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>.\n", Version, runtime.GOOS, runtime.GOARCH)
-		return
-	}
-
-	warning()
-
-	var foreground bool
-	var interfaceName string
-	if len(os.Args) < 2 || len(os.Args) > 3 {
-		printUsage()
-		return
-	}
-
-	switch os.Args[1] {
-
-	case "-f", "--foreground":
-		foreground = true
-		if len(os.Args) != 3 {
-			printUsage()
-			return
-		}
-		interfaceName = os.Args[2]
-
-	default:
-		foreground = false
-		if len(os.Args) != 2 {
-			printUsage()
-			return
-		}
-		interfaceName = os.Args[1]
-	}
-
-	if !foreground {
-		foreground = os.Getenv(ENV_WG_PROCESS_FOREGROUND) == "1"
-	}
-
-	// get log level (default: info)
-
-	logLevel := func() int {
-		switch os.Getenv("LOG_LEVEL") {
-		case "verbose", "debug":
-			return device.LogLevelVerbose
-		case "error":
-			return device.LogLevelError
-		case "silent":
-			return device.LogLevelSilent
-		}
-		return device.LogLevelError
-	}()
-
-	// open TUN device (or use supplied fd)
-
-	tdev, err := func() (tun.Device, error) {
-		tunFdStr := os.Getenv(ENV_WG_TUN_FD)
-		if tunFdStr == "" {
-			return tun.CreateTUN(interfaceName, device.DefaultMTU)
-		}
-
-		// construct tun device from supplied fd
-
-		fd, err := strconv.ParseUint(tunFdStr, 10, 32)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-
-		err = unix.SetNonblock(int(fd), true)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-
-		file := os.NewFile(uintptr(fd), "")
-		return tun.CreateTUNFromFile(file, device.DefaultMTU)
-	}()
-
-	if err == nil {
-		realInterfaceName, err2 := tdev.Name()
-		if err2 == nil {
-			interfaceName = realInterfaceName
-		}
-	}
-
-	logger := device.NewLogger(
-		logLevel,
-		fmt.Sprintf("(%s) ", interfaceName),
-	)
-
-	logger.Verbosef("Starting wireguard-go version %s", Version)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		logger.Errorf("Failed to create TUN device: %v", err)
-		os.Exit(ExitSetupFailed)
-	}
-
-	// open UAPI file (or use supplied fd)
-
-	fileUAPI, err := func() (*os.File, error) {
-		uapiFdStr := os.Getenv(ENV_WG_UAPI_FD)
-		if uapiFdStr == "" {
-			return ipc.UAPIOpen(interfaceName)
-		}
-
-		// use supplied fd
-
-		fd, err := strconv.ParseUint(uapiFdStr, 10, 32)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-
-		return os.NewFile(uintptr(fd), ""), nil
-	}()
-	if err != nil {
-		logger.Errorf("UAPI listen error: %v", err)
-		os.Exit(ExitSetupFailed)
-		return
-	}
-	// daemonize the process
-
-	if !foreground {
-		env := os.Environ()
-		env = append(env, fmt.Sprintf("%s=3", ENV_WG_TUN_FD))
-		env = append(env, fmt.Sprintf("%s=4", ENV_WG_UAPI_FD))
-		env = append(env, fmt.Sprintf("%s=1", ENV_WG_PROCESS_FOREGROUND))
-		files := [3]*os.File{}
-		if os.Getenv("LOG_LEVEL") != "" && logLevel != device.LogLevelSilent {
-			files[0], _ = os.Open(os.DevNull)
-			files[1] = os.Stdout
-			files[2] = os.Stderr
-		} else {
-			files[0], _ = os.Open(os.DevNull)
-			files[1], _ = os.Open(os.DevNull)
-			files[2], _ = os.Open(os.DevNull)
-		}
-		attr := &os.ProcAttr{
-			Files: []*os.File{
-				files[0], // stdin
-				files[1], // stdout
-				files[2], // stderr
-				tdev.File(),
-				fileUAPI,
-			},
-			Dir: ".",
-			Env: env,
-		}
-
-		path, err := os.Executable()
-		if err != nil {
-			logger.Errorf("Failed to determine executable: %v", err)
-			os.Exit(ExitSetupFailed)
-		}
-
-		process, err := os.StartProcess(
-			path,
-			os.Args,
-			attr,
-		)
-		if err != nil {
-			logger.Errorf("Failed to daemonize: %v", err)
-			os.Exit(ExitSetupFailed)
-		}
-		process.Release()
-		return
-	}
-
-	device := device.NewDevice(tdev, conn.NewDefaultBind(), logger)
-
-	logger.Verbosef("Device started")
-
-	errs := make(chan error)
-	term := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
-
-	uapi, err := ipc.UAPIListen(interfaceName, fileUAPI)
-	if err != nil {
-		logger.Errorf("Failed to listen on uapi socket: %v", err)
-		os.Exit(ExitSetupFailed)
-	}
-
-	go func() {
-		for {
-			conn, err := uapi.Accept()
-			if err != nil {
-				errs <- err
-				return
-			}
-			go device.IpcHandle(conn)
-		}
-	}()
-
-	logger.Verbosef("UAPI listener started")
-
-	// wait for program to terminate
-
-	signal.Notify(term, unix.SIGTERM)
-	signal.Notify(term, os.Interrupt)
-
-	select {
-	case <-term:
-	case <-errs:
-	case <-device.Wait():
-	}
-
-	// clean up
-
-	uapi.Close()
-	device.Close()
-
-	logger.Verbosef("Shutting down")
-}

main_windows.go

@@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
-/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
- */
-
-package main
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"os/signal"
-
-	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
-
-	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/conn"
-	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/device"
-	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/ipc"
-
-	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun"
-)
-
-const (
-	ExitSetupSuccess = 0
-	ExitSetupFailed  = 1
-)
-
-func main() {
-	if len(os.Args) != 2 {
-		os.Exit(ExitSetupFailed)
-	}
-	interfaceName := os.Args[1]
-
-	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "Warning: this is a test program for Windows, mainly used for debugging this Go package. For a real WireGuard for Windows client, the repo you want is <https://git.zx2c4.com/wireguard-windows/>, which includes this code as a module.")
-
-	logger := device.NewLogger(
-		device.LogLevelVerbose,
-		fmt.Sprintf("(%s) ", interfaceName),
-	)
-	logger.Verbosef("Starting wireguard-go version %s", Version)
-
-	tun, err := tun.CreateTUN(interfaceName, 0)
-	if err == nil {
-		realInterfaceName, err2 := tun.Name()
-		if err2 == nil {
-			interfaceName = realInterfaceName
-		}
-	} else {
-		logger.Errorf("Failed to create TUN device: %v", err)
-		os.Exit(ExitSetupFailed)
-	}
-
-	device := device.NewDevice(tun, conn.NewDefaultBind(), logger)
-	err = device.Up()
-	if err != nil {
-		logger.Errorf("Failed to bring up device: %v", err)
-		os.Exit(ExitSetupFailed)
-	}
-	logger.Verbosef("Device started")
-
-	uapi, err := ipc.UAPIListen(interfaceName)
-	if err != nil {
-		logger.Errorf("Failed to listen on uapi socket: %v", err)
-		os.Exit(ExitSetupFailed)
-	}
-
-	errs := make(chan error)
-	term := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
-
-	go func() {
-		for {
-			conn, err := uapi.Accept()
-			if err != nil {
-				errs <- err
-				return
-			}
-			go device.IpcHandle(conn)
-		}
-	}()
-	logger.Verbosef("UAPI listener started")
-
-	// wait for program to terminate
-
-	signal.Notify(term, os.Interrupt)
-	signal.Notify(term, os.Kill)
-	signal.Notify(term, windows.SIGTERM)
-
-	select {
-	case <-term:
-	case <-errs:
-	case <-device.Wait():
-	}
-
-	// clean up
-
-	uapi.Close()
-	device.Close()
-
-	logger.Verbosef("Shutting down")
-}

ratelimiter/ratelimiter.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2025 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package ratelimiter

ratelimiter/ratelimiter_test.go

@@ -1,119 +0,0 @@
-/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
- */
-
-package ratelimiter
-
-import (
-	"net/netip"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-)
-
-type result struct {
-	allowed bool
-	text    string
-	wait    time.Duration
-}
-
-func TestRatelimiter(t *testing.T) {
-	var rate Ratelimiter
-	var expectedResults []result
-
-	nano := func(nano int64) time.Duration {
-		return time.Nanosecond * time.Duration(nano)
-	}
-
-	add := func(res result) {
-		expectedResults = append(
-			expectedResults,
-			res,
-		)
-	}
-
-	for i := 0; i < packetsBurstable; i++ {
-		add(result{
-			allowed: true,
-			text:    "initial burst",
-		})
-	}
-
-	add(result{
-		allowed: false,
-		text:    "after burst",
-	})
-
-	add(result{
-		allowed: true,
-		wait:    nano(time.Second.Nanoseconds() / packetsPerSecond),
-		text:    "filling tokens for single packet",
-	})
-
-	add(result{
-		allowed: false,
-		text:    "not having refilled enough",
-	})
-
-	add(result{
-		allowed: true,
-		wait:    2 * (nano(time.Second.Nanoseconds() / packetsPerSecond)),
-		text:    "filling tokens for two packet burst",
-	})
-
-	add(result{
-		allowed: true,
-		text:    "second packet in 2 packet burst",
-	})
-
-	add(result{
-		allowed: false,
-		text:    "packet following 2 packet burst",
-	})
-
-	ips := []netip.Addr{
-		netip.MustParseAddr("127.0.0.1"),
-		netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1"),
-		netip.MustParseAddr("172.167.2.3"),
-		netip.MustParseAddr("97.231.252.215"),
-		netip.MustParseAddr("248.97.91.167"),
-		netip.MustParseAddr("188.208.233.47"),
-		netip.MustParseAddr("104.2.183.179"),
-		netip.MustParseAddr("72.129.46.120"),
-		netip.MustParseAddr("2001:0db8:0a0b:12f0:0000:0000:0000:0001"),
-		netip.MustParseAddr("f5c2:818f:c052:655a:9860:b136:6894:25f0"),
-		netip.MustParseAddr("b2d7:15ab:48a7:b07c:a541:f144:a9fe:54fc"),
-		netip.MustParseAddr("a47b:786e:1671:a22b:d6f9:4ab0:abc7:c918"),
-		netip.MustParseAddr("ea1e:d155:7f7a:98fb:2bf5:9483:80f6:5445"),
-		netip.MustParseAddr("3f0e:54a2:f5b4:cd19:a21d:58e1:3746:84c4"),
-	}
-
-	now := time.Now()
-	rate.timeNow = func() time.Time {
-		return now
-	}
-	defer func() {
-		// Lock to avoid data race with cleanup goroutine from Init.
-		rate.mu.Lock()
-		defer rate.mu.Unlock()
-
-		rate.timeNow = time.Now
-	}()
-	timeSleep := func(d time.Duration) {
-		now = now.Add(d + 1)
-		rate.cleanup()
-	}
-
-	rate.Init()
-	defer rate.Close()
-
-	for i, res := range expectedResults {
-		timeSleep(res.wait)
-		for _, ip := range ips {
-			allowed := rate.Allow(ip)
-			if allowed != res.allowed {
-				t.Fatalf("%d: %s: rate.Allow(%q)=%v, want %v", i, res.text, ip, allowed, res.allowed)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}

reformat.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -e -o pipefail
+
+GO_FILES=$(find . -name "*.go" | grep -v .git)
+
+gofumpt -l -w $GO_FILES
+gofmt -l -w $GO_FILES
+gci write $GO_FILES

remove-unused.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -e -o pipefail
+
+function remove_unused() {
+  git rm -rf --ignore-unmatch \
+    .github \
+    tests \
+    *_test.go \
+    **/*_test.go \
+    conn/bindtest \
+    tun/netstack \
+    tun/tuntest \
+    tun/testdata \
+    main*.go \
+    *.md
+}
+
+remove_unused
+remove_unused
+
+go mod tidy
+git commit -a -m "Remove unused"